Chapter III Rotation of Helium II

Saga of Superfluid Solids

“…Leggett [42] mentioned that the tentative appearance of superfluid fraction in a solid could be found by measuring the moment of inertia I(T) of the studied system as a function of temperature, as has been suggested earlier for liquids by Andronikashvili [7][8][9]. Thus, the rotational moment of inertia can be connected with the superfluid fraction by the relation…”

“…The first explanation of superfluidity, in the frame of the two-fluid model, was suggested by Landau [3][4][5] and Tisza [6]. The key evidence establishing the two-fluid model of superfluidity was given by Andronikashvili [7][8][9] studying the period and damping of torsional oscillations of stacked closely spaced rotating disks. More details about the interesting history concerning the discovery of and first works on superfluidity can be found in Refs.…”

Saga of Superfluid Solids

“…The first explanation of superfluidity, in the frame of the two-fluid model, was suggested by Landau [3][4][5] and Tisza [6]. The key evidence establishing the two fluid model of superfluidity was given by Andronikashvili [7][8][9] studying the period and damping of torsional oscillations of stacked closely spaced rotating disks. More details about the interesting history concerning the discovery of and first works on superfluidity can be found in Refs.…”

A compact rotating dilution refrigerator

“…The ability to rotate cryogenic apparatus can also be useful for some branches of astrophysics and particle physics 8 . Studies of superfluid 4 He under rotation now span over 60 years [9][10][11][12][13] . There have been two approaches used that permit rotation and these are dependent on the temperatures required.…”

“…There have been two approaches used that permit rotation and these are dependent on the temperatures required. At temperature above 1 K, a rotating container of helium filled from a reservoir that remains stationary is relatively simple to implement and was the approach taken for many of the early studies of rotating helium 10,11 . In the millikelvin regime, the general approach has been to rotate the entire cryostat due to the difficulty in maintaining thermal contact with an experimental container that rotates in isolation to the rest of the refrigerator.…”