Chapter I Routine Biochemical Tests

Holding, A. J.; Collee, J. G.

doi:10.1016/s0580-9517(08)70573-7

Cited by 155 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…lez (1972). The presence of oxidase was determined with tetramethyl-pphenylenediamine;2HCl (Holding & Collee, 1971). Appropriate positive and negative controls were run for all the above tests.…”

Section: Collection Of Samples and Isolation Of Halophilic Archaeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Haloterrigena thermotolerans sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon from Puerto Rico.

Montalvo‐Rodríguez¹,

López‐Garriga²,

Vreeland³

et al. 2000

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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An extremely halophilic Archaeon belonging to the order Halobacteriales was isolated from the solar salterns of Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. The organism, designated strain PR5 T , is rod-shaped, non-motile and requires at least 12 % (w/v) NaCl to grow. The strain is highly thermotolerant : its temperature optimum is 50 SC and growth is possible up to 60 SC. Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of the bis-sulfated glycolipid S 2 -DGD-1 as sole glycolipid and the absence of the glycerol diether analogue of phosphatidylglycerosulfate. Both C 20 ,C 20 and C 20 ,C 25 core lipids are present. The GMC content of the DNA is 63 3 mol %. According to 16S rDNA sequence data, strain PR5 T is closely related to the representatives of the genera Haloterrigena and Natrinema, but on the basis of its phenotypic properties, 16S rDNA sequence and DNA-DNA hybridization studies, strain PR5 T cannot be assigned to any of the recognized species within these genera. On the basis of its polar lipid composition, the isolate has been assigned to the genus Haloterrigena. The creation of a new species, Haloterrigena thermotolerans, is therefore proposed to accommodate this isolate. The type strain is strain PR5 T (l DSM 11552 T l ATCC 700275 T ).

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Section: Collection Of Samples and Isolation Of Halophilic Archaeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Haloterrigena thermotolerans sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon from Puerto Rico.

Montalvo‐Rodríguez¹,

López‐Garriga²,

Vreeland³

et al. 2000

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…Diagnostic tests on the isolated strains were carried out according to Pelczar (1957), Hasegawa (1975), Holding & Collee (1971), Gibbs & Skinner (1966) and Stanier, Palleroni & Doudoroff (1966). Identifications were according to Buchanan & Gibbons (1974).…”

Section: H K I Y O H a R A A N D K N A G A Omentioning

confidence: 99%

The Catabolism of Phenanthrene and Naphthalene by Bacteria

Kiyohara

Nagao

1978

Journal of General Microbiology

152

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Thirteen strains of bacteria able to grow on phenanthrene were isolated from soil; they included fluorescent and non-fluorescent pseudomonads, vibrios and unidentified bacteria. Two of the pseudomonads, like Aeromonas sp. ~4 5~1 , also grew on naphthalene. In all strains, growth on phenanthrene induced the enzyme responsible for the conversion of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate to 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, NAD-dependent 2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase and protocatechuate oxygenase, but not salicylate hydroxylase, catechol oxygenase or NAD(P)H-dependent 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate hydroxylase. Growth on naphthalene induced salicylate hydroxylase and catechol oxygenase. It is suggested that the catabolism of phenanthrene occurs via protocatechuate in all these bacteria, and that the pathways for degradation of phenanthrene and naphthalene are separate. I N T R O D U C T I O NWith the development of the petroleum industry, there has been an increase in the amount of polyaromatic hydrocarbons released into the environment. As part of a study of the mechanism of degradation of hydrocarbons by micro-organisms, we have examined the catabolism of phenanthrene by bacteria. The enzymic steps involved in the conversion of phenanthrene to 1 -hydroxy-2-naphthoate by a soil pseudomonad were elucidated by Evans, Fernley & Griffiths (1965). The naphthoate was then presumed to be oxidatively decarboxylated to 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene which would be further degraded through the naphthalene-catabolizing pathway described by Davies & Evans (1964). However, Aeromonas sp. ~4 5~1 , which was isolated from soil by Kiyohara, Nagao & Nomi (1976), did not convert 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate to 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene but instead metabolized it to 2-carboxybenzaldehyde which was then oxidized to o-phthalate, by an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase, and finally to protocatechuate (Fig. 1). The cleavage of the naphthoate (Kiyohara & Nagao, 1977) involves the fission of the bond between the carbon atoms bearing the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups by an intradiol type of dioxygenase which acts in a similar way to gentisate oxidase (EC 1 ,13.1.4) (Sugiyama et al., 1958).The work described in the present paper shows that the protocatechuate pathway is the only pathway for degradation of phenanthrene in 13 independent isolates of soil bacteria. The relationship between the pathways for degradation of phenanthrene and naphthalene is also described. METHODSBacteriaZ strains and media. Bacteria able to grow on phenanthrene were isolated from soil by enrichment culture in phenanthrene/salts medium, followed by plating on Pseudomonas F agar (Difco). The salts medium contained (yo, w/v, in tap water): (NH&HP04, 0-5; KH2P04, 0.15; Na,HPO,. 12H20, 0.15; MgS04. 7H20, 0.02; NaCI, 0.05; the pH was 7-3 without adjustment. Phenanthrene (0.3 %, w/v) was added to the medium before autoclaving at 120 "C for 15 min. The phenanthrene was melted by the heat but was finely dispersed by vigorously shaking the flasks after cooling. Naphthalene, which was crystallized from

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“…For growth on nitrogen-free medium, NHXl was omitted, 0.2% sodium succinate was added to the mineral medium, and cultures were incubated under 2% 0 2 and Methods. Growth factor requirements of the strains were determined according to the method of Holding and Collee (16). The standard mineral medium was supplemented with the following: sodium acetate, 0.1%; sodium lactate, 0.1%; sodium succinate, 0.1%; and glucose, 0.2%.…”

Section: Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthobacter flavus, a New Species of Nitrogen-Fixing Hydrogen Bacteria

Malik

Claus

1979

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Mycobacterium flavum strain 301 (= Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen 338), a hydrogen-utilizing bacterium, is capable of fixing molecular nitrogen and resembles other nitrogen-fixing hydrogen bacteria. However, it is clearly different in many characters from other strains of M. flavum (Orla-Jensen) Jensen (syn.: Micro bacterium flavum Orla-Jensen). It does resemble strains of Xanthobacter Wiegel et al. with respect to cell wall composition, production of carotenoid pigments, carbon source utilization pattern, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base composition (69 mol% guanine + cytosine). Strain 301 is here regarded as belonging to a new and distinct species, for which the name Xanthobacter flauus is proposed. Strain 301 is the type strain of this species. X. flavus differs from Xanthobacter autotrophicus, the only other species in this genus to date, in several respects, and the DNA-DNA hybridization between X. flavus and X . autotrophicus is only 25%.In 1961 Federov and Kalininskaya (13) isolated an aerobic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium (strain 301) from turf podzol soils and identified it according to Krasil'nikov's scheme (18) as a member of Mycobacterium flavum (Orla-Jensen) Jensen (syn.: Microbacterium flavum OrlaJensen). Subsequently, various authors (2-4, 6) studied the nitrogen-fixing system of this strain, which has also been included in comparative studies (10,25) on nitrogen-fming hydrogen bacteria.Even though Mycobacterium flavum and Microbacterium flavum are objective synonyms (7-9, 17), there has been considerable confusion between Mycobacterium flavum and strains identified as belonging to Microbacterium fluuum, of which none of Orla-Jensen's original strains are extant. Furthermore, Microbacterium flavum has a cell wall structure of the "arabinose-galactosemeso-diaminopimelic acid" type (22), whereas the cell wall of Mycobacterium flavum has no arabinogalactone or mycolic acid. Micro bacterium flavum has a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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Chapter I Routine Biochemical Tests

Cited by 155 publications

References 41 publications

Haloterrigena thermotolerans sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon from Puerto Rico.

Haloterrigena thermotolerans sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon from Puerto Rico.

The Catabolism of Phenanthrene and Naphthalene by Bacteria

Xanthobacter flavus, a New Species of Nitrogen-Fixing Hydrogen Bacteria

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