CHAPTER 9. Magnetic Nanoformulations for Enhanced Drug Delivery and Retention

Magnetic Nanomaterials for Magnetically-Aided Drug Delivery and Hyperthermia

“…Magnetic nanoparticles can be synthesized by using ionic and non-ionic techniques [43]. There are numerous methods known to synthesize magnetic nanoparticles, such as mechanical milling [44], co-precipitation [45], nanoreactor/microemulsion techniques [45,46], sonochemical processing [45,46], sol-gel methods [47], flow injection [43], electrochemical production [48], supercritical fluid techniques [49,50], thermal decomposition [13][14][15][16]22,[51][52][53][54][55], hydrothermal routes [45], microwave techniques [56], spray pyrolysis [45], laser pyrolysis [45], flame spray pyrolysis [45], gas phase synthesis [45], arc discharge [57], oxidation [58,59], and microbial methods etc. [43,45,60].…”

“…Bossmann and co-workers have developed fluorescence-based nanobiosensors for the detection of solid tumors in liquid biopsies and protease detection in blood [18,22,[76][77][78]. These nanobiosensors feature Fe/Fe 3 O 4 core/shell nanoparticles, which were synthesized by using thermal decomposition of Fe(CO) 5 in the presence of oleylamine and hexadecylammonium chloride (HADxHCl) using 1-octadecene (ODE) as solvent [79].…”

“…As discussed above, magnetic nanoparticles have small diameters (<100 nm) so they can effectively extravasate [22] and target diseased areas [6], such as infected tissue (lesions) or tumor tissue. The mechanism of extravasation has been established in mouse models [22]. However, enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) is significantly less efficient in humans than in rodents [22][23][24].…”

“…The mechanism of extravasation has been established in mouse models [22]. However, enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) is significantly less efficient in humans than in rodents [22][23][24]. Furthermore, there is significant variability of EPR among individual patients and various tumor types.…”

Synergy of Iron Chelators and Therapeutic Peptide Sequences Delivered via a Magnetic Nanocarrier

“…Therefore, chemotherapeutic agents coupled with nanoparticles can be, principally, used as successful drug carriers into tumor cells, increasing drug tumor accumulation [ 3 ]. However, serious doubts have been cast recently on the efficacy of the EPR effects in humans [ 5 ]. Therefore, peptide targeting sequences or other moieties should be employed to utilize active transport processes for drug delivery [ 4 , 5 ].…”