1988
DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1273(88)11005-2
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Chapter 73 The history of the discovery and separation of the rare earths

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Cited by 14 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…In 1922, Urbain with a co-author confirmed the existence of celtium by Roentgen spectroscopy (Szabadváry 1988. A more recent account on the rare earth problem: Thyssen 2011).…”
Section: The Discovery Of Hafniummentioning
confidence: 97%
“…In 1922, Urbain with a co-author confirmed the existence of celtium by Roentgen spectroscopy (Szabadváry 1988. A more recent account on the rare earth problem: Thyssen 2011).…”
Section: The Discovery Of Hafniummentioning
confidence: 97%
“…In this case, the calculation of the synergistic coefficient R is more straightforward (Eqn (22)). This case exemplifies the amount of experimental data required to calculate the R value because distribution coefficients of the extractants alone at each concentration are needed:…”
Section: Case 1: Synergistic Extraction With Cyanex 572 and Tbpmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among the metals that can be extracted through SSX, rare earth elements (REE) have gained relevance due to their important role in high technology. The 17 REE elements – conformed by scandium (Sc, 21), yttrium (Y, 39) and the 15 lanthanoids (atomic numbers 57–71) – share similar chemical and physical properties due to their particular atomic structure 22 . Nevertheless, each element has a distinct electronic property that makes them extremely useful for device applications 23 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Συνήθως χωρίζονται σε 2 υποομάδες αυτή των ελαφριών σπανίων γαιών (La-Sm) (LREE) και των βαριών (Eu-Lu) (HREE). Τα μέταλλα αυτά θεωρούνταν σπάνια (εξού και το όνομα σπάνιες γαίες), λόγω της μεγάλης δυσκολίας στο διαχωρισμό και απομόνωσής τους, αλλά και λόγω της μικρής κλίμακας παραγωγής τους (Szabadvary, 1988). Το πρώτο μίγμα σπανίων γαιών (Ύττρια), που απομονώθηκε από τον χημικό J. Gadolin το 1794 προήλθε από το λατομείο της πόλης Ytterby στη Σουηδία, ενώ οι υπόλοιπες σπάνιες γαίες ανακαλύφθηκαν μέσα σε μια χρονική περίοδο 153 χρονών μέχρι και την ανακάλυψη του προμήθειου (Pm) το 1947.…”
Section: εισαγωγήunclassified