“…Confabulation, which is the hallmark of a distorted TC, is a pathognomonic sign of Korsakoff’s syndrome (Korsakoff, 1889; Bonhoeffer, 1904; Wyke and Warrington, 1960; Talland, 1961; Mercer et al, 1977; Cermak et al, 1980; Dalla Barba et al, 1990; Benson et al, 1996; Schnider et al, 1996a; Borsutzky et al, 2008), which is a diencephalic amnesia. Patients with non-Korsakoff thalamic lesions (e.g., Gentilini et al, 1987; Hodges and McCarthy, 1993; Markowitsch et al, 1993; Markowitsch, 2008) and patients with orbitofrontal lesions (e.g., Kopelman, 1987; Knight et al, 1995; Moscovitch, 1995; Schnider et al, 1996a; Dalla Barba et al, 1997b; Schnider and Ptak, 1999; Gilboa et al, 2006b) show deep anterograde, more variably, retrograde amnesia and, invariably, various types of memory distortions, i.e., distorted TC, including confabulations.…”