Chapter 6 Thermal Cracking of Athabasca Bitumen

Speight, James G.

doi:10.1016/s0376-7361(08)70065-7

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Following the range of C 7 -C 12 for gasoline, C 13 -C 14 for kerosene, C 15 -C 20 for diesel, and C 21 -C 30 for residual fuel oil, 62,63 Agbabu bitumen showed the following distribution: gasoline (27.74%), kerosene (9.2%), diesel (12.63%), and residual fuel oil (0.3%) upon pyrolysis. Ilubirin pyrolytic oil showed the following distribution: gasoline (25.85%), kerosene (6.81%), diesel (5.24%), and residual fuel oil (7.11%), Mile 2 pyrolytic oil showed the following distribution: gasoline (15.09%), kerosene (8.24%), diesel (17.67%), and residual fuel oil (2.97%), Olowo-Irele pyrolytic oil showed the following distribution: gasoline (15.68%), kerosene (9.17%), and diesel (12.85%), Orisunbare pyrolytic oil showed the following distribution: gasoline (15.02%), kerosene (8.11%), diesel (19.09%), and residual fuel oil (3.11%).…”

Section: Artificial Neural Network Modelingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pyrolysis of Oil Sand Bitumen Using a Fixed-Bed Reactor: Process Modeling and Compositional Analysis

Ore,

Adebiyi

2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Section: Artificial Neural Network Modelingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pyrolysis of Oil Sand Bitumen Using a Fixed-Bed Reactor: Process Modeling and Compositional Analysis

Ore,

Adebiyi

2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The system was operated at 350, 400, 425, and 450 °C, while the system pressure was maintained at 1.24 MPa(a) for all test conditions. All test conditions were within the reported operating ranges for visbreaking technologies. ,,, Although mild thermal cracking reactions typically begin near 400 °C, experimental runs at 350 °C were performed to examine reaction rates at a lower temperature range. The reactor was filled with crude using a high-pressure Welker condensate sampler.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-Lump Mild Thermal Cracking Reaction Model of Crude Oils and Bitumen with VLE Calculations

Guerra

Symonds

Bryson

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Thermal cracking involves the breakdown of large hydrocarbons to smaller hydrocarbons via the scission of carbon−carbon, carbon−nitrogen, and carbon−sulfur bonds. Mild thermal cracking reactions occur between 350 and 450 °C and primarily in the liquid phase. A reaction model implementing vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculations was developed in this work to better represent the reacting system−the liquid phase. The resulting model can be used to determine reaction kinetics in experimental systems that have a VLE component, which would normally make it inadequate for reaction kinetics determination. A mild thermal cracking experimental program was conducted with three crude assays: Hardisty (MBL), Albian heavy synthetic (AHS), and Christina Lake diluted bitumen (CDB). The experiments were conducted in a pilot-scale semibatch vertical reactor with a sweeping nitrogen gas blanket in the head space. The three crude oils were reacted at mild conditions: 350, 400, 425, and 450 °C at 1.24 MPa(a). The reaction model with VLE calculations was used to determine reaction rates representative of the experimental data collected. The coefficient of determination between the reaction model's predicted system composition and the experimental data for MBL, AHS, and CDB were determined to be 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98, respectively. Moreover, 80, 85, and 89% of the model's predicted system composition had less than 10% error for MBL, AHS, and CDB, respectively.

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“…Three succe sive oxidations were observed in the DT A curve , namely low temperature partial oxidation, combustion of crude oil fractions, and finally , coke combustion. Hayashitani et al (1978) and Speight (1978) presented literature reviews on the thermal cracking of Athabasca bitumen and heavy oils. Hayashitani ( 1978) also presented models of the thermal cracking of bitumen and its pseudo-component .…”

Section: Literature Review Of Pyrolysis Reactions Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Modeling of the In-Situ Combustion Process for Athabasca Oil Sands

Chen

Moore

et al. 2014

Day 3 Thu, June 12, 2014

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In-situ combustion (ISC) is an effective thermal recovery method that provides an important alternative to steam injection, but it has yet to be widely applied due to the complexity of the process. The modeling of ISC requires an understanding of the behavior of different physical phenomena including phase change, heat and mass transfer, and chemical reactions. Properly conducted ramped temperature oxidation (RTO) tests on crude oil provide critical parameters for modeling. In this study, the focus is to model appropriate kinetics and improve reaction models for ISC. Different chemical reactions occur during ISC in different temperature ranges. For heavy oils and oil sands low temperature oxidation (LTO) dominates below 260°C, yielding partially oxygenated compounds and increasing the viscosity of oil, and as a result, limiting the success of the ISC process. The so-called middle temperature oxidation (MTO) region is a combination of the negative temperature gradient region (NTGR) as well as the onset of thermal decomposition and pyrolysis/cracking of the hydrocarbon phase, some or all of which may have been previously oxidized. Above 350°C, high temperature oxidation (HTO) dominates, representing the more commonly known traditional combustion region. Most of the current reaction kinetics models for ISC only focus on specific conditions such as HTO and are not able to represent the wide range of reactions that occur over a larger temperature range. The objective of this study was to develop reaction kinetic models that can be used to describe the reactions of hydrocarbon fractions at various temperature conditions during the ISC of Athabasca bitumen. In this work, a set of improved kinetic models including LTO, MTO, and HTO reactions based on Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes (SARA) fractions in the crude oil are established. These kinetic models are used to reproduce the RTO experimental results through numerical simulation. This research will contribute to the development of more reliable numerical models that can predict ISC performance in different temperature scenarios with greater accuracy and reliability.

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Chapter 6 Thermal Cracking of Athabasca Bitumen

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Pyrolysis of Oil Sand Bitumen Using a Fixed-Bed Reactor: Process Modeling and Compositional Analysis

Pyrolysis of Oil Sand Bitumen Using a Fixed-Bed Reactor: Process Modeling and Compositional Analysis

Five-Lump Mild Thermal Cracking Reaction Model of Crude Oils and Bitumen with VLE Calculations

Kinetic Modeling of the In-Situ Combustion Process for Athabasca Oil Sands

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