Chapter 23 The cortical lattice: a highly ordered system of subsurface filaments in guinea pig cochlear outer hair cells

Bannister, L. H.; Dodson, H.C.; Astbury, A.R.; Douek, Ellis

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63016-2

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A third but incompletely understood role of Ca 2ϩ in outer hair cells is in regulating somatic electromotility (Dulon et al, 1990;Frolenkov et al, 2000;Beurg et al, 2001), which has been proposed as a mechanism for the slow efferent effects (Dallos et al, 1997;Sridhar et al, 1997). Is it possible there are large cytoplasmic transients in Ca 2ϩ produced by Ca 2ϩ -induced Ca 2ϩ release from the subsurface cisternae reminiscent of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle (Saito 1983;Bannister et al, 1988)?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concentrations of Calcium Buffering Proteins in Mammalian Cochlear Hair Cells

Hackney¹,

Mahendrasingam²,

Penn³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

184

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concentrations of Calcium Buffering Proteins in Mammalian Cochlear Hair Cells

Hackney¹,

Mahendrasingam²,

Penn³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

184

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“…FIG. 5. Diagram in which an image of the etched particles from the plasma membrane is superimposed upon a diagram (11,15,16) of the cortical cytoskeletal lattice. Pillars (p) link the particles to the circumferential filaments (cf).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cortical lattice is a twodimensional cytoskeleton that lies about 25 nm beneath the plasma membrane (11,(15)(16)(17). It is constructed from 5-to 7-nm circumferential filaments that are cross-linked at regular intervals by thinner filaments 60-80 nm long.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A membrane-based force generation mechanism in auditory sensory cells.

Kalinec

Holley

Iwasa

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

222

209

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Auditory outer hair cells can elongate and shorten at acoustic frequencies in response to changes ofplasma membrane potential. We show that this fast bidirectional contractile activity consists of an electromechanical transduction process that occurs at the lateral plasma membrane and can be activated and analyzed independently in small membrane patches inside a patch electrode. Bidirectional forces are generated by increases and decreases in membrane area in response to hyperpolarization and depolarization, respectively. We suggest that the force generation mechanism is driven by voltage-dependent conformational changes within a dense array of large transmembrane proteins associated with the site of electromechanical transduction.

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“…The outer hair cell's subplasma lamina (Bannister, Dodson, Astbury, & Douek, 1988;Lim, Hanamure, & Ohashi, 1989) immediately below the lateral plasma membrane provides a flexible elastic cortex that is stabilized by the positive hydrostatic pressure of the cell's cytoplasm. The formation of a "hydroskeleton" is a structural solution to the problem of how to achieve stiffness with flexible, tensile elements.…”

Section: Hydraulic Support In the Outer Hair Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outer hair cell undergoes 3-dimensional changes in shape. The organization of the subplasma lamina and laminated cisternal system (Bannister et al, 1988;Flock, 1988;Holley & Ashmore, 1988b;Lim et al, 1989) have a crossed-helical arrangement of fibrils that allows for flexibility and strength. There is even evidence for the presence of polysaccharide moieties in the cortical structures of the outer hair cell (Gil-Loyzaga & Brownell, 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

Outer Hair Cell Electromotility and Otoacoustic Emissions

1990

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Outer hair cell electromotility is a rapid, force generating, length change in response to electrical stimulation. DC electrical pulses either elongate or shorten the cell and sinusoidal electrical stimulation results in mechanical oscillations at acoustic frequencies. The mechanism underlying outer hair cell electromotility is thought to be the origin of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. The ability of the cell to change its length requires that it be mechanically flexible. At the same time the structural integrity of the organ of Corti requires that the cell possess considerable compressive rigidity along its major axis. Evolution appears to have arrived at novel solutions to the mechanical requirements imposed on the outer hair cell. Segregation of cytoskeletal elements in specific intracellular domains facilitates the rapid movements. Compressive strength is provided by a unique hydraulic skeleton in which a positive hydrostatic pressure in the cytoplasm stabilizes a flexible elastic cortex with circumferential tensile strength. Cell turgor is required in order that the pressure gradients associated with the electromotile response can be communicated to the ends of the cell. A loss in turgor leads to loss of outer hair cell electromotility. Concentrations of salicylate equivalent to those that abolish spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in patients weaken the outer hair cell's hydraulic skeleton. There is a significant diminution in the electromotile response associated with the loss in cell turgor. Aspirin's effect on outer hair cell electromotility attests to the role of the outer hair cell in generating otoacoustic emissions and demonstrates how their physiology can influence the propagation of otoacoustic emissions. THERE HAS BEEN a dramatic change in our understanding of the biophysics of the mammalian inner ear over the past decade. The concept of the cochlea as a passive organ that converts the mechanical vibrations of sound into neural energy has been altered by the startling finding that outer hair cells possess a unique electromotile capacity (Brownell, 1983 ;1984 ;Brownell, Bader, Bertrand, & de Ribaupierre, 1985). The electromotility appears to be responsible for the cochlea's surprising ability to generate sound (Kemp, 1978; see also other articles in this issue). The hearing science community now accepts the presence of otoacoustic emissions after nearly a decade of experimental confirmation. Skepticism from the more general sensory science community is understandable. The fact that the ear can make sound is, at one level, equivalent to the eye producing light or the nose expelling odors. Energy conversion in both directions (bidirectional transduction) appears unique to hearing and is thought to contribute to the remarkable sensitivity and exquisite frequency selectivity of mammalian hearing. This contribution is discussed below in a brief review of the evidence implicating outer hair cells in generating otoacoustic emissions. The physiological characteristics of outer hair cell electro...

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Chapter 23 The cortical lattice: a highly ordered system of subsurface filaments in guinea pig cochlear outer hair cells

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

The Concentrations of Calcium Buffering Proteins in Mammalian Cochlear Hair Cells

The Concentrations of Calcium Buffering Proteins in Mammalian Cochlear Hair Cells

A membrane-based force generation mechanism in auditory sensory cells.

Outer Hair Cell Electromotility and Otoacoustic Emissions

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