Chapter 17: Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary Deformation, Arctic Islands

Okulitch, A V; Trettin, HP

doi:10.4095/133999

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“… Harrison et al [1999]document a regional uplift during the Paleocene, attributed to mantle‐plume related thermal support, which would have provided local sediment sources for the basins. Both dextral strike‐slip faulting and normal faulting are observed on southeast Ellesmere Island [ Okulitch and Trettin , 1991] which they explained as an extensional fault system accommodating rotational stress south of a rift axis which had the opposite sense of fault motion north of the rift. Thorsteinsson et al [2009]showed that many of the “extensional” faults were actually thrust‐bounding small isolated Cenozoic basins, and that there was secondary sinistral motion along the strike‐slip faults.…”

Section: Geological and Tectonic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is bounded by a major fault ‐ the Peary Channel Fault, documented as a normal fault with a vertical displacement exceeding 8 km [ Kerr , 1980; Harrison et al , 2011]. The Peary Channel Fault has been mapped offshore using multichannel seismic data, but has no exposure onshore [ Okulitch and Trettin , 1991]. Gravity modeling by Oakey and Stephenson [2008] shows significant crustal thinning ( β of ∼1.4) beneath the Lancaster Sound Basin, and they suggested that rifting most likely was associated with the Eocene seafloor spreading in central Baffin Bay.…”

Section: Geological and Tectonic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Jones Sound Basin is poorly understood, having limited geophysical mapping [ MacLean et al , 1984]. Onshore both northern Devon Island and southern Ellesmere Island, complex patterns of E‐W oriented faults are observed [ Okulitch and Trettin , 1991]. A laterally continuous E‐W oriented fault has been mapped along the south coastline of Ellesmere Island (the South Cape Fault Zone) that has evidence for some sinistral offsets [ Mayr and Okulitch , 1994].…”

Section: Geological and Tectonic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new interpretations of the geometry of Paleocene and Eocene oceanic crust are shown in Figure 11 together with simplified onshore bedrock geology [ Okulitch and Trettin , 1991] and regional structural elements from onshore geological mapping [ Okulitch and Trettin , 1991; Thorsteinsson et al , 2009] and marine seismic mapping [ Jackson et al , 1992; Whittaker et al , 1997; Harrison et al , 2006]. The Paleocene and Eocene motion paths for the Greenland Plate from the new kinematic model are shown to illustrate the relationship between the orientations of structural elements and directions of plate motion.…”

Section: Magnetic Data and Seafloor Spreading In Baffin Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed fault systems (thin black lines) are from Jackson et al [1992]. The bounding faults in Jones Sound (South Cape Fault Zone) and Lancaster Sound (Peary Channel Fault) are from Okulitch and Trettin [1991]. Both dextral strike‐slip faulting and normal faulting observed on southeast Ellesmere Island [ Okulitch and Trettin , 1991] exhibit inversion [ Thorsteinsson et al , 2009].…”

Section: Magnetic Data and Seafloor Spreading In Baffin Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new model for the Paleogene motion of Greenland relative to North America: Plate reconstructions of the Davis Strait and Nares Strait regions between Canada and Greenland

2012

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A simplified plate kinematic model for the Paleogene motion of Greenland relative to North America has been developed to provide a new framework for modeling the oceanic spreading system in Baffin Bay and the intraplate tectonic development of the Davis Strait and Nares Strait regions of the Arctic. A single Euler rotation pole was calculated for the C13N to C24N Eocene motion of the Greenland Plate relative to North America using spreading centers and fracture zones interpreted from satellite derived gravity data in Baffin Bay combined with fracture zones in Labrador Sea from published sources. A single stage pole is proposed for the C25N to C27N portion of the Paleocene and a short‐lived stage pole was found necessary to accommodate the C24N to C25N interval. This kinematic model has been used to reinterpret published shipborne magnetic profiles in central Baffin Bay to reveal a Paleocene spreading center and limits of both Eocene and Paleocene oceanic crust. Aeromagnetic data over northeastern Baffin Bay have been used to identify a new fracture zone in northern Baffin Bay. Plate reconstructions are presented incorporating constraints on plate boundaries from onshore and offshore geological and geophysical mapping. Within the Davis Strait, Paleocene oceanic crust was emplaced in an elongated rift that was subsequently inverted by approximately 300 km of Eocene transpression along the Ungava Fault Zone. In the Nares Strait Region, a “microplate” scenario is presented to explain the simultaneous formation of the Lancaster Sound Rift Basin and complex deformation within the Eurekan Orogenic Belt.

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Section: Geological and Tectonic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological and Tectonic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological and Tectonic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magnetic Data and Seafloor Spreading In Baffin Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magnetic Data and Seafloor Spreading In Baffin Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A new model for the Paleogene motion of Greenland relative to North America: Plate reconstructions of the Davis Strait and Nares Strait regions between Canada and Greenland

2012

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Ambient seismic noise tomography of Canada and adjacent regions: Part I. Crustal structures

et al. 2013

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This paper presents the first continental‐scale study of the crust and upper mantle shear velocity (Vs) structure of Canada and adjacent regions using ambient noise tomography. Continuous waveform data recorded between 2003 and 2009 with 788 broadband seismograph stations in Canada and adjacent regions were used in the analysis. The higher primary frequency band of the ambient noise provides better resolution of crustal structures than previous tomographic models based on earthquake waveforms. Prominent low velocity anomalies are observed at shallow depths (<20 km) beneath the Gulf of St. Lawrence in east Canada, the sedimentary basins of west Canada, and the Cordillera. In contrast, the Canadian Shield exhibits high crustal velocities. We characterize the crust‐mantle transition in terms of not only its depth and velocity but also its sharpness, defined by its thickness and the amount of velocity increase. Considerable variations in the physical properties of the crust‐mantle transition are observed across Canada. Positive correlations between the crustal thickness, Moho velocity, and the thickness of the transition are evident throughout most of the craton except near Hudson Bay where the uppermost mantle Vs is relatively low. Prominent vertical Vs gradients are observed in the midcrust beneath the Cordillera and beneath most of the Canadian Shield. The midcrust velocity contrast beneath the Cordillera may correspond to a detachment zone associated with high temperatures immediately beneath, whereas the large midcrust velocity gradient beneath the Canadian Shield probably represents an ancient rheological boundary between the upper and lower crust.

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The Influence of Lithospheric Mantle Scars and Rheology on Intraplate Deformation and Orogenesis: Insights From Tectonic Analog Models

Santimano

Pysklywec

2020

Tectonics

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Structural heterogeneities in the deep lithosphere have been identified as an important factor in crustal tectonics, particularly where inherited deep zones of weakness may initiate orogenesis in continent interiors. Aside from structural heterogeneity, the rheological strength of the lithosphere may also have a primary role affecting the kinematics of deformation in the lithosphere. To investigate the interplay of rheology and preexisting structures, we designed a set of physical scaled analog experiments for a convergent setting that tests (a) the presence and absence of a preexisting weak zone in the lithospheric mantle and (b) the effects of the rheological strength of the lithospheric mantle. Tectonic evolution of the model is recorded to acquire a time series data set of the velocity field and subsequently strain in the model. Results show that a weak zone in the lithospheric mantle allows deformation to be accommodated by displacement along this zone and into the overlying lower and upper crust, regardless of lithosphere strength. In contrast, a model absent of a weak zone accommodates deformation by folding and thickening of the viscous layers. The viscous lithosphere in models with a strong lithospheric mantle tends to buckle creating a sequence of brittle faulting in the upper crust. Specifically, the rheology of the lithosphere dictates the distribution of strain. Our results are considered in the context of the formation of the Eurekan fold and thrust belts in an intraplate setting on Ellesmere Island, where deformation may be related to the influence of deep lithosphere structure(s) and deep lithosphere strength.

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Chapter 17: Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary Deformation, Arctic Islands

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

A new model for the Paleogene motion of Greenland relative to North America: Plate reconstructions of the Davis Strait and Nares Strait regions between Canada and Greenland

A new model for the Paleogene motion of Greenland relative to North America: Plate reconstructions of the Davis Strait and Nares Strait regions between Canada and Greenland

Ambient seismic noise tomography of Canada and adjacent regions: Part I. Crustal structures

The Influence of Lithospheric Mantle Scars and Rheology on Intraplate Deformation and Orogenesis: Insights From Tectonic Analog Models

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