Chapter 1 Introduction to Paleoseismology

McCalpin, James P.; Nelson, Alan R.

doi:10.1016/s0074-6142(09)95001-x

Cited by 105 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Yeats et al, 1997;McCalpin, 2009). The advances in paleoseismology in the past two decades has provided a deeper time perspective on earthquake generation, spanning centuries to multiple millennia, to place in context the shorter seismological and differential-GPS and satellite-based measurements of vertical and horizontal crustal movements.…”

Section: Quaternary Tectonic Framework and Seismic Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Views on grand research challenges for Quaternary geology, geomorphology and environments

Forman

Stinchcomb

2015

Front. Earth Sci.

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Section: Quaternary Tectonic Framework and Seismic Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Views on grand research challenges for Quaternary geology, geomorphology and environments

Forman

Stinchcomb

2015

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Paleoseismogeology supplements historical and instrumental records of seismicity by characterizing strong prehistoric earthquakes. It is focused on studying ground effects (both primary -ruptures, and secondary -gravitational deformations (Solonenko, 1973 andMcCalpin, 2009)) from past earthquakes preserved in the geologic and geomorphic environment. In this context the recurrence interval of strong paleoearthquakes is a critical characteristic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…return relatively large age uncertainties (McCalpin, 2009). Dating landforms is typically less precise than dating sediments (Burbank andAnderson, 2001 andMcCalpin, 2009), although relatively precise indirect dating of associated deposits also may not provide close constraints of ancient seismic events. Today radiocarbon analysis is the most exploitable and widely applicable technique in paleoseismogeology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrence interval of strong earthquakes in the se Altai, Russia revealed by tree-ring analysis and radiocarbon dating

Непоп

Агатова

2018

Geochronometria

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This paper presents the results of paleoseismogeological investigations including tree-ring analysis and radiocarbon dating in pleistoseist zone of the 2003 Chuya earthquake, SE Altai, Russia. Twenty-five radiocarbon dates of previously unknown evidences of prehistoric earthquakes along the fault bounders of the Chagan-Uzun massif, North Chuya and South Chuya ranges are reported. Perspectives of applying dendroseismological approach within the high mountainous seismically active southeastern part of Russian Altai are demonstrated. In addition to estimating the germination ages of trees growing on the bare surfaces of seismically triggered landslides, analysis of wood penetrating injuries in the individual tree ring series was applied for dating paleorock-falls. Analysis of distribution patterns of tree-ring anomalies and injured trees suggests a criterion of recognizing seismic origin of past rock-falls. Dendrochronologically obtained dates of abrupt intensifications of rock-falls can be considered as supposed dates of past earthquakes, which should be verified by alternative proxy data. Obtained results argue for the high regional seismicity in the second half of the Holocene. Strong earthquakes occurred here AD 1532, and 600-700, 1300-1500, 2400-2700, 3400-3700, 3800-4200 cal BP. This data clarifies the chronology of seismic events within the SE Altai. The specified recurrence interval of strong earthquakes is about 400 years during the last 4000 years.

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“…The main technique in paleoseismology is on-fault trenching (McCalpin, 2009). Its basic motivation is to detect the stratigraphical event horizons within fault-related sedimentary sequences and to estimate their age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismically-triggered organic-rich layers in recent sediments from Göllüköy Lake (North Anatolian Fault, Turkey)

Avşar

Hubert‐Ferrari

Batist

et al. 2014

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Multi-proxy analyses on the sedimentary sequence of Göllüköy Lake, which is located on the eastern North Anatolian Fault (NAF), reveals a complete and high-resolution paleoseismic record for the last 650 years. Six sedimentary events are detected in a 3.1 m-long piston core. They form distinct organic-rich intercalations within the background sedimentation, which are characterized by strong anomalies on the loss-on-ignition (LOI) and total organic carbon (TOC) profiles, as well as by lighter colours on the X-ray radiographic images. Itrax micro-XRF core scanner data are also used to contribute to the detection and characterization of the event deposits. After the detection of the sedimentary events, their temporal correlation with the earthquakes in the historical seismicity catalogue of the NAF is tested. The youngest event is dated to 1940s by using 210 Pb and 137 Cs profiles in sediment, which coincides with the 1939 earthquake (M s = 7.7) on the NAF. The ages of the older five events are determined based on radiocarbon dating and regional time-stratigraphic correlation. Radiocarbon dating on the bulk sediment samples does not provide reliable results due to hard-water effect. On the other hand, dating on charcoals, Ephippia of Daphnia and phragmite remains significantly improves the results and implies a mean sedimentation rate of 0.28 cm/yr. Based on this preliminary sedimentation rate, we show that organic matter content variations through our record correlates with the varve-based δ 18 O record of Nar Lake, which is located 350 km southwest of Göllüköy Lake. Accordingly, high-precipitation/low-evaporation climatic episodes detected in Nar Lake are represented by higher organic matter content in Göllüköy sediments. Fine-tuning the Göllüköy LOI record to the Nar δ 18 O record reveals that the ages of the sedimentary events in Göllüköy match with well-known historical earthquakes that occurred around the lake. Finally, the origin of the organic-rich intercalations is discussed based on macroscopic observations and organic geochemistry. The events are attributed to reworked organic matter eroded from the lake's littoral zone by seismically-induced water oscillations (seiche), and their subsequent deposition at the middle parts of the lake. These seismically-induced events are atypical compared to the classic earthquake-triggered sedimentary processes in lacustrine environments, which are shortly reviewed in order to emphasize the unusual Göllüköy Lake record.

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Paleoseismology

Cited by 105 publications

References 69 publications

Views on grand research challenges for Quaternary geology, geomorphology and environments

Views on grand research challenges for Quaternary geology, geomorphology and environments

Recurrence interval of strong earthquakes in the se Altai, Russia revealed by tree-ring analysis and radiocarbon dating

Seismically-triggered organic-rich layers in recent sediments from Göllüköy Lake (North Anatolian Fault, Turkey)

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