Chapitre 5. Le financement des aires protégées à Madagascar : de nouvelles modalités

Méral, Philippe; Froger, Géraldine; Andriamahefazafy, Fano; Rabearisoa, Ando

doi:10.4000/books.irdeditions.5677

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This Foundation was set up in 2005, and was given a capital grant of $US18 million, a considerable proportion of which took the form of debt/nature exchanges, the rest consisting of funding provided by the various investors. Placing this capital in a trust fund was intended to produce interest that would cover the recurrent management costs of the SAPM (Méral et al ., ). If the spirit of EP 2 had been maintained, this would have meant supporting the Fondation Tany Meva (created in 1996) whose “objectives are clearly focused on funding micro‐projects for community purposes, which are noticeably different from those of the FAPB, which is concerned with environmental communication, ecotourism, scientific research, and the management of protected areas” (Andriamahefazafy et al ., : 18).…”

Section: Environmental Policy In Madagascar From 2003: What Practicesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Towards an Institutional and Historical Analysis of Environmental Policy in Madagascar

Froger

Méral

2012

Env Pol Gov

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This article explores the application of ideas from historical institutionalism about path dependence to the study of environmental policy in Madagascar. It first reviews the central components of the historical institutionalism explanation, including the concepts of critical juncture, institutional change and institutional reproduction. This explanation is then applied to an analysis of the "diverging" trajectories of environmental policy in Madagascar during the 20th and 21th centuries. We argue that several historical and institutional events, at the national and international levels, have been critical junctures after which Malagasy environmental policy has shifted to different paths.

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Section: Environmental Policy In Madagascar From 2003: What Practicesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Towards an Institutional and Historical Analysis of Environmental Policy in Madagascar

Froger

Méral

2012

Env Pol Gov

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“…For example, USAID supported feasibility studies for a project to finance conservation through carbon credit sales in the Makira protected area (Brimont and Bidaud ; Ferguson ; Méral et al. ). QIT Madagascar Minerals also launched a program to offset its environmental impacts by creating new protected areas (Kraemer ; Seagle ; Waeber ).…”

Section: Creating a Transnational Conservation Enterprisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, WWF, CI, and the Madagascar government established the Madagascar Biodiversity Fund, an investment fund that by 2014 had raised over $US50 million (Madagascar Biodiversity Fund ; Méral ; Méral et al. ). These initiatives created new commodities, rights, and associated realms for capital accumulation that empowered global market actors and justified extractive investments.…”

Section: Creating a Transnational Conservation Enterprisementioning

confidence: 99%

Corridors of Power: AssemblingUSEnvironmental Foreign Aid

Corson

2018

Antipode

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Using the US Agency for International Development's environmental program in Madagascar as a lens, I offer a historically grounded, relational, and multi-sited methodology for understanding the transnational processes that constitute political forests in the contemporary era. I argue that neoliberal reforms conditioned the emergence of a public-private-non-profit alliance, which promoted biodiversity conservation as a US foreign aid priority. As these reforms weakened state capacity and liberalised economies, the downsized Madagascar and US governments became reliant on conservation actors to mobilise political support for their programs. This reinforced the need to maintain strategic relationships with capital-city actors, undermining prior efforts to devolve forest management to local communities. By isolating deforestation as a peasant problem "over there" and by expanding protected areas to meet global biodiversity targets, the conservation alliance created an avenue to be green that did not threaten extractive industries or key constituents. In this manner, saving the environment via protected areas expansion offered politicians a pathway through the inherent contradictions of green neoliberalism.

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“…Together with illegal hunting and organized timber trade, deforestation and forest fragmentation have resulted in the loss of large mammals, including primates and less emblematic animals (Schwitzer et al, 2014;Eppley et al, 2020). However, more positive perspectives for maintaining biodiversity can be expected in some places (Cormier-Salem, 2006;Aubertin and Rodary, 2009;Méral et al, 2009), for instance where human conceptions about nature are favorable to biological conservation and deserve to be supported at national and international level beyond traditional representations. For example, in Antrema, a costal forest-savanna anthropo-ecosystem in the northwest of the island mainly populated by Sakalavas, ancestral community rules have been the central starting point for initiating consolidated protection operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Fragments, Lemur Communities and Local Perception of Nature in a Protected Area of Northwestern Madagascar

et al. 2022

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Biological conservation projects conducted in inhabited areas are often based on the combination of ecological diagnostics and study of practices and use of the environment by local communities. They less frequently integrate the influence of the perception and representation of nature on these practices, while these should also be taken into account in the initiation of sustainable conservation actions. We carried out a long-term study combining biological and social science approaches in North-western Madagascar in the Antrema protected area (with dry forest/savannah/coastal ecosystems), including an analysis of the use and perception of nature by its inhabitants. Together with the study of tree diversity, forest structure and biomass in 7 forest fragments, we estimated population densities of whole communities of diurnal and nocturnal lemurs, one of which is considered sacred. We interviewed local resource users from several villages using classical methods of social anthropology supplemented with perception tests derived from sensory evaluation methods. The structure of forest fragments as well as their basal area and richness in tree species varied with human pressure on specific plants (timber extraction) or with historical changes in pasture management (forest regrowth). Lemurs were generally abundant, with a high total biomass compared to other dry forests. Although the inhabitants of Antrema (Sakalava, Tsimihety, and Betsileo) still strongly adhered to local use rights and shared deeply rooted knowledge about the forest, the use and perception of nature (e.g., regarding the sacred lemur Propithecus coronatus) have changed since the Antrema protection project in 2000. The results suggest that local communities tend to integrate traditional rules about nature with international environmental regulation, perhaps a sign of a new ecological awareness. However, in the new management mode accompanying this transition, it can also be a means of local empowerment that takes advantage of a program supporting pro-environmental management of the Antrema area.

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Chapitre 5. Le financement des aires protégées à Madagascar : de nouvelles modalités

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Towards an Institutional and Historical Analysis of Environmental Policy in Madagascar

Towards an Institutional and Historical Analysis of Environmental Policy in Madagascar

Corridors of Power: AssemblingUSEnvironmental Foreign Aid

Forest Fragments, Lemur Communities and Local Perception of Nature in a Protected Area of Northwestern Madagascar

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