“…Chaotic systems are widely used in image encryption and have become a hot research topic in the field of secure communication because of their sensitivity to initial values and irregular internal random motion in deterministic systems [22,20,6,27,31,42,30,46,40]. Compared with ordinary chaotic systems, hyperchaotic systems have more complex dynamics and greater sensitivity and are more suitable for image encryption [2,5,47,3,25,50]. The fractional-order chaotic system is also more secure because the key space is increased by adding system variables [10,4,21,26,35,51].…”