“…The high speed and high dynamical dimensionality of ECLs has attracted broad interest for various applications, ranging from radar [3], ultrafast random bit generation [4,5], and optoelectronic oscillators [6,7], to name a few. Moreover, the intrinsic dynamics of ECLs have attracted attention to implement a number of information-processing functionalities in the physical layer, including chaotic encrypted data communications [8][9][10], compressive sensing [11], and reservoir computing [13,14]. But to realize the full potential of such applications, a detailed knowledge of the complex dynamics of ECLs is required [15], and despite 50 years of study, there are basic issues that remain to be elucidated.…”