Channel estimation for diffusive MIMO molecular communications

Rouzegar, S. M. Reza; Spagnolini, Umberto

doi:10.1109/eucnc.2017.7980701

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…4 and lower BER values overall. However, given that nano-machines are equipped with enough computational power and access to CIR using a method like in [37], better detectors that yield even lower error rates can be constructed at the price of computational complexity.…”

Section: A Maximum Count Decodermentioning

confidence: 99%

Index Modulation for Molecular Communication via Diffusion Systems

Gursoy

Başar

Pusane

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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Molecular communication via diffusion (MCvD) is a molecular communication method that utilizes the free diffusion of carrier molecules to transfer information at the nano-scale. Due to the random propagation of carrier molecules, inter-symbol interference (ISI) is a major issue in an MCvD system. Alongside ISI, inter-link interference (ILI) is also an issue that increases the total interference for MCvD-based multiple-input-multipleoutput (MIMO) approaches. Inspired by the antenna index modulation (IM) concept in traditional communication systems, this paper introduces novel IM-based transmission schemes for MCvD systems. In the paper, molecular space shift keying (MSSK) is proposed as a novel modulation for molecular MIMO systems, and it is found that this method combats ISI and ILI considerably better than existing MIMO approaches. For nanomachines that have access to two different molecules, the direct extension of MSSK, quadrature molecular space shift keying (QMSSK) is also proposed. QMSSK is found to combat ISI considerably well whilst not performing well against ILI-caused errors. In order to combat ILI more effectively, another dualmolecule-based novel modulation scheme called the molecular spatial modulation (MSM) is proposed. Combined with the Gray mapping imposed on the antenna indices, MSM is observed to yield reliable error rates for molecular MIMO systems.

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Section: A Maximum Count Decodermentioning

confidence: 99%

Index Modulation for Molecular Communication via Diffusion Systems

Gursoy

Başar

Pusane

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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“…In a previous paper [33], single-line D-MIMO channel estimation was adopted, while here we generalize the approach to multi-line D-MIMO channel estimation. • A method for designing training sequences is presented in this paper by minimizing the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB).…”

Section: Challenges Related Work and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complexity in searching among all possible combinations is O(2 M ×K ) and so even for small length K it is extremely time-consuming. Therefore, we employ a search algorithm to discard unfavored combinations and thus reduce the number of searches dramatically [33].…”

Section: Training Sequence Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusive MIMO Molecular Communications: Channel Estimation, Equalization, and Detection

Rouzegar

Spagnolini

2019

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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In diffusion-based communication, as for molecular systems, the achievable data rate depends on the stochastic nature of diffusion which exhibits a severe inter-symbol-interference (ISI). Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) multiplexing improves the data rate at the expense of an inter-link interference (ILI). This paper investigates training-based channel estimation schemes for diffusive MIMO (D-MIMO) systems and corresponding equalization methods. Maximum likelihood and leastsquares estimators of mean channel are derived, and the training sequence is designed to minimize the mean square error (MSE). Numerical validations in terms of MSE are compared with Cramér-Rao bound derived herein. Equalization is based on decision feedback equalizer (DFE) structure as this is effective in mitigating diffusive ISI/ILI. Zero-forcing, minimum MSE and least-squares criteria have been paired to DFE, and their performances are evaluated in terms of bit error probability. D-MIMO time interleaving is exploited as an additional countermeasure to mitigate the ILI with remarkable performance improvements. The configuration of nano-transceivers is not static, but affected by a Brownian motion. A block-type communication is proposed for D-MIMO channel estimation and equalization, the corresponding time-varying D-MIMO MC system is evaluated numerically.

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“…These research and practice demonstrate that spatial multiplexing in MIMO-MC is feasible for rate increase, although the data rate is not doubled due to the existence of interference and overhead. In 2017, MIMO-MC technique gained more attention than ever before, due to the appearance of the training-based channel estimation [20], spatial diversity coding techniques [21] and the introduction of machine learning based channel modeling methods [22]. Moreover, in [23], synchronization was investigating in the context of the single-input multiple-output (SIMO) based MC (SIMO-MC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Modulation for Molecular Communication

Huang

Wen

Yang

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans.on Nanobioscience

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In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient spatial modulation based molecular communication (SM-MC) scheme, in which a transmitted symbol is composed of two parts, i.e., a space derived symbol and a concentration derived symbol. The space symbol is transmitted by embedding the information into the index of a single activated transmitter nanomachine. The concentration symbol is drawn according to the conventional concentration shift keying (CSK) constellation. Befitting from a single active transmitter during each symbol transmission period, SM-MC can avoid the inter-link interference problem existing in the current multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) MC schemes, which hence enables low-complexity symbol detection and performance improvement. Specifically, in our low-complexity scheme, the space symbol is first detected by energy comparison, and then the concentration symbol is detected by the equal gain combining assisted CSK demodulation. In this paper, we analyze the symbol error rate (SER) of the SM-MC and its special case, namely the space shift keying based MC (SSK-MC), where only space symbol is transmitted and no CSK modulation is invoked. Finally, the analytical results are validated by computer simulations, and our studies demonstrate that both the SM-MC and SSK-MC are capable of achieving better SER performance than the conventional MIMO-MC and single-input single-output MC (SISO-MC) when the same symbol rate is assumed.

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Channel estimation for diffusive MIMO molecular communications

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Index Modulation for Molecular Communication via Diffusion Systems

Index Modulation for Molecular Communication via Diffusion Systems

Diffusive MIMO Molecular Communications: Channel Estimation, Equalization, and Detection

Spatial Modulation for Molecular Communication

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