Spatial Modulation for Molecular Communication

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient spatial modulation based molecular communication (SM-MC) scheme, in which a transmitted symbol is composed of two parts, i.e., a space derived symbol and a concentration derived symbol. The space symbol is transmitted by embedding the information into the index of a single activated transmitter nanomachine. The concentration symbol is drawn according to the conventional concentration shift keying (CSK) constellation. Befitting from a single active transmitter during each symbol transmission period, SM-MC can avoid the inter-link interference problem existing in the current multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) MC schemes, which hence enables low-complexity symbol detection and performance improvement. Specifically, in our low-complexity scheme, the space symbol is first detected by energy comparison, and then the concentration symbol is detected by the equal gain combining assisted CSK demodulation. In this paper, we analyze the symbol error rate (SER) of the SM-MC and its special case, namely the space shift keying based MC (SSK-MC), where only space symbol is transmitted and no CSK modulation is invoked. Finally, the analytical results are validated by computer simulations, and our studies demonstrate that both the SM-MC and SSK-MC are capable of achieving better SER performance than the conventional MIMO-MC and single-input single-output MC (SISO-MC) when the same symbol rate is assumed.

Molecular-Type Permutation Shift Keying in Molecular MIMO Communications for IoBNT

“…Diverse modulation schemes were designed for MIMO MCvD systems to further combat the ILI in addition to the ISI. Spatial modulation (SM), which uses the indices of the antennas of the transmitter to convey additional information bits, was introduced to MC by Huang et al in [29]. They proposed molecular space shift keying (MSSK), which only activates a single transmitter each time to avoid the ILI in the current transmitted symbol, and assumed short lengths of ILI and ISI.…”

Kolmogorov Turbulence and Information Dissipation in Molecular Communication

“…This happens when the marine life communicate with chemical plumes, and any changes to the physical pattern of the plume can produce false alarm for recipient of the plume. Quantities such as the concentration amplitude level [18] and spatiotemporal characteristics [19]- [22] can be used for information encoding. The information modulated onto the chemical plume then propagates through the transmission channel and eventually arrives at the receiver side, where the proper signal detection schemes recover the transmitted information [23], [24].…”

Molecular Type Permutation Shift Keying for Molecular Communication

“…In the literature, various modulation schemes were proposed, including the concentration shift keying (CSK) [4], molecular shift keying (MoSK) [4], pulse position modulation (PPM) [5], and space shift keying-based MC (SSK-MC) [6], [7], which encode messages on the concentration, type, release time, and spatial index of transmitters, respectively. In MoSK, multiple types of molecules are used for encoding.…”