Channel Contention-Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Mast, Noor; Khan, Muhammad Altaf; Uddin, Imad; Shah, Syed Atif Ali; Khan, Atif; Al‐Khasawneh, Mahmoud Ahmad; Mahmoud, Marwan

doi:10.1155/2021/2051796

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Pang et al [24] project uses three processing modules: one for object detection, another for weapon categorization, and a third for alert, monitoring, and control. Lamas et al [25] research; authors presented a new algorithm that detects firearms in videos automatically [26] and produces acceptable results in low-quality videos. The authors also introduce the alarm activation time per interval (AATpI), a new metric for evaluating the effectiveness of a detection model as an automatic video detection system.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Street-crimes modelled arms recognition technique employing deep learning and quantum deep learning (SMARTED)

Shah¹,

Abdel-Wahab

Al-geelani

et al. 2023

IJEECS

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An increase in population causes loopholes in controlling law and order situations. One of the threatening aspects of peace is the availability of weapons to the general public. As a result, many dangerous situations arise, most notably street crimes. Traditional methods are not sufficient to deal with such situations. Consequently, the police and other security concerns need serious technological reforms to prevent such situations. In modern technology tools, deep learning has made great improvements in various areas of daily life, especially in object detection. This paper presents an efficient technique for detecting weapons from closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras, videos, or images. Upon the detection of the weapon, the concerned person is automatically informed to take the necessary action; without human intervention. For the first time, RetinaNet has been employed to detect weapons in real-time scenarios. RetinaNet has shown remarkable improvement in this domain, by achieving an average of 90% accuracy in real-time scenarios. With the emergence of quantum computing, many computer environments saw a revolution. Thus, we have also utilized quantum computing technology for real-time weapons detection using quantum deep learning. In this paper, quantum inspired RetinaNet (QIR-Net) is developed for weapons detection and amazing results are observed.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Street-crimes modelled arms recognition technique employing deep learning and quantum deep learning (SMARTED)

Shah¹,

Abdel-Wahab

Al-geelani

et al. 2023

IJEECS

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“…Noor et al [1] proposed Channel Contention Based Routing (CCBRR) protocol. This system focused on establishing less-divided route among the endpoints.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks: A Survey on multipath routing protocols

Devi¹,

Praveena²,

Reena³

et al. 2022

JUSST

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A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANETs) connects mobile nodes without any base station. These nodes in the network can change the topology dynamically and transfer the data among themselves. The nodes in the MANET are categorized based on the resource factors like memory, computation, and power levels. The dynamic change in route makes the connection of the destination node more complex. Sometimes, it results in link failure, and hence the primary route is failed, which means an alternative route is required to transmit the packets. It required multiple paths from the source node to destination node with a stable path connecting the source node. This issue makes MANET routing a crucial task. To address these problems, multipath routing in MANET is discussed in this paper. Multipath routing provides various paths for a single source node to a single destination node. It is more important to consider load balancing and fault tolerance when establishing the multipath routing mechanism. This paper describes the various type of challenges along with their respective multipath routing protocols in MANETs.

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“…In Reference 21, a new method is established to inform the sender about the contention level between the sender and receiver. It implemented the dynamic contention window adjustment mechanism that adjusts the CW dynamically with the aid of the channel's average idle interval time.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An energy‐efficient priority‐based packet scheduling mechanism for enhancing quality of service in mobile ad hoc network

Bhavadharini¹,

Karthik²,

Sabitha

2021

Concurrency and Computation

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In today's world, a mobile ad hoc network plays a predominant role for numerous applications such as education, entertainment, emergency services, tactical services, and home applications. The performance of IEEE 802.11 based wireless ad hoc networks degrades due to high contention for the shared medium among multiple ad hoc nodes.However, the shared medium can be accessed by multiple nodes, which causes link collisions and packet drop at the link level. These kinds of packet drops have a direct impact on the overall performance of the transmission control protocol (TCP). In this article, a new robust prioritized packet scheduling with adaptive backoff window (PPSAB) mechanism has been proposed to enhance the quality of service of TCP in the wireless scenario. In order to determine the congestion in the network, the proposed PPSAB mechanism anticipates the cross-layer parameters instead of transport layer parameters. The proposed access scheme assures minimized collisions and energy by setting the node level access to prevailing network parameters. The performance of the proposed PPSAB has been evaluated using an NS-2 environment and the results manifest that the normalized overhead is reduced by 20% and network throughput is increased by 17% than the existing methods. K E Y W O R D Senergy consumption, mobile ad hoc network, prioritized packet scheduling, quality of service INTRODUCTIONThe rapid development of wireless communication demands uninterrupted network connectivity among the communicating. Typically, mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is the collection of self-organizing and self-configuring mobile nodes which is not dependent on any stable and central coordinating infrastructure. The mobility of the nodes makes the topology of the network changes dynamically and the nodes may join and leave the network at any instance. 1 IEEE 802.11 ascertains single-hop reliability at medium access control (MAC) layer in MANETs.Two types of medium access techniques are generally utilized in IEEE 802.11. The first method, the distributed coordinated function enables the data flow among communicating devices while requiring no control infrastructure. Second, point coordinated function in which a central coordinator controls access to the shared wireless channel. 2,3 The basic channel access method exploited in distributed coordinated function is carrier sense multiple access collision and avoidance by the nodes. Every time, the shared channel is sensed by the node before data transmission and the node can transmit data if the medium is free or defer transmission until the medium becomes free.

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Channel Contention-Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Street-crimes modelled arms recognition technique employing deep learning and quantum deep learning (SMARTED)

Street-crimes modelled arms recognition technique employing deep learning and quantum deep learning (SMARTED)

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks: A Survey on multipath routing protocols

An energy‐efficient priority‐based packet scheduling mechanism for enhancing quality of service in mobile ad hoc network

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