Channel Coding for Better QoS in LoRa Networks

Coutaud, Ulysse; Tourancheau, Bernard

doi:10.1109/wimob.2018.8589121

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In order to evaluate the performance of the considered RFTs in the presence of errors, two different error distributions are supported in Sim-RFT: a uniform error distribution [28]- [57], and a burst error distribution [34]- [50]. These error distributions cover a comprehensive set of characteristics of LoRaWAN networks such as frame loss over distance [31], [33], [34], [37], [41], [51]- [53], different uses cases [31], [35], [54]- [57], mobile or stationary devices [33], [46], [49], [50], network capacity [54], and collisions [33], [53]. Frame loss burstiness may be due to channel effects [34], [36], mobility [34], [35], limited coverage [38], [40], [41], [44], or opportunistic coverage [42]- [44].…”

Section: Error Patterns and Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Receiver-Feedback Techniques for Fragmentation Over LPWANs

Aguilar

Vidal

Gómez

2022

IEEE Internet Things J.

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The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has standardized a new framework for IPv6 support over Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), called Static Context Header Compression and Fragmentation (SCHC). SCHC includes acknowledgment (ACK)-based mechanisms for reliable fragmented packet transmission. For the latter, SCHC defines a Receiver-Feedback Technique (RFT), called Compressed Bitmap (CB), by which a receiver reports to the sender whether the fragments carrying a packet have been received or not. Such information is carried as ACK payload. Considering the extraordinary frame size and message rate constraints of LPWANs, ACK payload size becomes crucial. In this paper, we compare the performance of CB with that of several alternative RFTs, namely List of Lost Fragments (LLF), List of Deltas (LoD), and Uncompressed Bitmap (UB), where the latter is used as a benchmark. We evaluate the considered RFTs in terms of ACK size, number of Layer 2 (L2) frames needed to carry an ACK, and ACK Time on Air. Our analysis shows that the use of RFTs different from CB offers significant performance improvement in many scenarios. Furthermore, we provide guidance on which RFT should be used for different packet sizes, error rates and error patterns.

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Section: Error Patterns and Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Receiver-Feedback Techniques for Fragmentation Over LPWANs

Aguilar

Vidal

Gómez

2022

IEEE Internet Things J.

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“…The paper concludes that due to limited duty cycling and the harsh nature of the channel, benefits of employing the proposed coding scheme at the physical LoRa link are limited. In [16], a Reed-Solomon-based Forward Error Correction (FEC) is used to improve the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) in LoRaWAN networks. [17] investigates the use of rateless codes to improve LoRa communication range and reduce energy consumption.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Network-Coding-based Forwarding for LoRaWAN Gateways

Al-Awami¹

2022

Preprint

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LoRaWAN is a promising IoT access technology that is growing in popularity. This study addresses the issue of duplicate packets forwarding by LoRaWAN gateways and proposes a novel forwarding scheme to eliminate forwarding duplicate packets by utilizing inter-flow network coding. The proposed scheme is distributed and requires no coordination between gateways. The proposed scheme is evaluated under different network and traffic conditions. The results show that substantial savings can be achieved in bandwidth leading to enhanced scalability of the network without increasing outgoing traffic.

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“…CCARR transmits encoded super-frames, involving application data and redundancy data (RS-frames). CCARR guarantees high packet delivery ratio (even 100%) over lossy channels [10]. Borkotoky et al propose two application-layer coding schemes -windowed and selective coding-for delay-intolerant LoRaWANs with minimum feedback.…”

Section: B Constraints and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficient Data Recovery from Corrupted LoRa Frames

Yazdani

Kouvelas

Prasad

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

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High frame-corruption is widely observed in Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWAN) due to the coexistence with other networks in ISM bands and an Aloha-like MAC layer. LoRa's Forward Error Correction (FEC) mechanism is often insufficient to retrieve corrupted data. In fact, reallife measurements show that at least one-fourth of received transmissions are corrupted. When more frames are dropped, LoRa nodes usually switch over to higher spreading factors (SF), thus increasing transmission times and increasing the required energy. This paper introduces ReDCoS, a novel coding technique at the application layer that improves recovery of corrupted LoRa frames, thus reducing the overall transmission time and energy invested by LoRa nodes by several-fold. ReDCoS utilizes lightweight coding techniques to pre-encode the transmitted data. Therefore, the inbuilt Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) that follows is computed based on an already encoded data. At the receiver, we use both the CRC and the coded data to recover data from a corrupted frame beyond the built-in Error Correcting Code (ECC). We compare the performance of ReDCoS to (i) the standard FEC of vanilla-LoRaWAN, and to (ii) Reed Solomon (RS) coding applied as ECC to the data of LoRaWAN. The results indicated a 54x and 13.5x improvement of decoding ratio, respectively, when 20 data symbols were sent. Furthermore, we evaluated ReDCoS on-field using LoRa SX1261 transceivers showing that it outperformed RS-coding by factor of at least 2x (and up to 6x) in terms of the decoding ratio while consuming 38.5% less energy per correctly received transmission.

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Channel Coding for Better QoS in LoRa Networks

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of Receiver-Feedback Techniques for Fragmentation Over LPWANs

Evaluation of Receiver-Feedback Techniques for Fragmentation Over LPWANs

Network-Coding-based Forwarding for LoRaWAN Gateways

Energy Efficient Data Recovery from Corrupted LoRa Frames

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