Changing the Hydration of Proteins of the Cytoskeleton of the Neuron - Mechanism of Formation and Motion of the

Yashkichev, V. I.

doi:10.13005/bpj/575

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…CTE, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease). 26,33,36,38,43,64 Yet, as with previously stipulated speculation, there is limited evidence to draw a conclusive theory to explain the phenomenon, and more research is warranted.…”

Section: Hydration Concussion and The Responses At The Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27,45 The diffuse axonal injury can be seen as linked to the level of hydration within the tissue, if not whole-body hydration altogether. 26,33,40,43,63 Axonal injuries that occur across the axolemma results in dysregulation of protein channels resulting in uncontrolled ion (i.e. Na þ , K þ , Ca þþ ) flux and neurotransmitter (e.g.…”

Section: Hydration Concussion and The Responses At The Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disruption of cytoskeletal function makes axons and surrounding connective tissue unable to withstand shearing forces (angular acceleration derived) or the point of impact (linear impact) forces. 26,27,38,44,45 Instability that places the neuron at an increased risk for additional damage would trigger further filamentous stress and tangle formations. 38,43,60,64 Along with triggering intracellular swelling dysregulation and instability of the axolemma impacts, the ability for the neuron to initiate repair can possibly lead to phosphorylation of the frayed filaments causing the tau and amyloid accumulations within and surrounding the focal points of the injury.…”

Section: Hydration Concussion and The Responses At The Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27,45 The diffuse axonal injury can be seen as linked to the level of hydration within the tissue, if not whole-body hydration altogether. 26,33,40,43,63…”

Section: Potential Role Of Hydration In Concussions and Long-term Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A postulate which makes sense given that one of the commonly accepted roles of CSF is dampening impact forces placed on the cerebral cortex (Table 1) 15,[22][23][24][25] or impact the integrity of neurofilamentous structures within the neurons. 26 Previous research has indicated that a threshold of impact force of 50-100 g on the cerebral cortex is typically associated with development of a concussion or concussion-like symptoms. 2,4,15,25,[27][28][29][30][31][32] Yet, most head trauma that athletes undergo during the course of competition falls below this threshold (approximately 20 g) can still result in cellular trauma that is comparable to damage following a concussive injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The possible role of hydration in concussions and long-term symptoms of concussion for athletes. A review of the evidence

Clark¹,

Sirois²

2020

Journal of Concussion

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The purpose of this review is to address what is known, speculated, and hypothesized regarding the issue of hydration and concussions. Based on the question, “What impact does hydration have on the relative risk for suffering concussive injuries along with long-term ramifications that have been associated with concussive (and repeated subconcussive) traumas to the cerebral cortex?,” a search of available literature was performed through June 2019. Deducing from the available literature, we can stipulate that changes in hydration within the cerebral cortex increase the likelihood for disruption of neurofilament proteins, dysregulation of membrane dynamics of the neurons and exacerbate inflammation responses following head trauma. As such, it can be speculated that differences in incidence rates may be attributed to difference in tissue fluid based on athlete demographics, level of whole-body water balance, and degree of tissue dehydration more than selection of sport. Moreover, tissue hydration in combination with other inflammation factors provides the scaffolding for the development of long-term issues (e.g. chronic traumatic encephalopathy) associated with repetitive head trauma in athletes.

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Section: Hydration Concussion and The Responses At The Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydration Concussion and The Responses At The Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydration Concussion and The Responses At The Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27,45 The diffuse axonal injury can be seen as linked to the level of hydration within the tissue, if not whole-body hydration altogether. 26,33,40,43,63…”

Section: Potential Role Of Hydration In Concussions and Long-term Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The possible role of hydration in concussions and long-term symptoms of concussion for athletes. A review of the evidence

Clark¹,

Sirois²

2020

Journal of Concussion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Comparative Characteristics of Structural and Functional Changes in the Hippocampal CA<sub>3</sub> Region in White Rats After Acute Ischemia and Brain Injury

Gorbunova

Кошман

Шоронова

et al. 2021

Žurnal anatomii i gistopatologii

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The aim of the study was to study pyramidal neurons and astrocytes of the hippocampal CA3 region in dynamics in white rats after acute ischemia and severe traumatic brain injury.Material and methods. Acute ischemia was simulated by 20-minute occlusion of the common carotid arteries (CCA), and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) by a free-falling weight impact. The Nissl staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical reactions for NSE, MAP-2, p38, GFAP were used in the study. The proliferative activity of the cells was assessed using the Ki-67 response. The study was carried out on thin (4 μm) serial frontal sections in the animals of the control group (animals without pathological factors, n=5) in 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the experimental modeling of CCA occlusion (n=20) and TBI (n=20). Morphometric analysis was performed using the ImageJ 1.52s software. The relative area of edema-swelling zones in the neuropil, the number density of pyramidal neurons, the content of dystrophic and necrobiotically altered neurons, the content of neurons with one or more nucleoli, proliferating cells, the density of large trunks of pyramidal neurons dendrites, the total number density and the relative area of giant synaptic terminals in stratum lucidum was detected. The distribution of variation series, the verification of statistical hypotheses, and the construction of graphs were assessed using the Statistica 8.0 software and the R.Results. Mortality between groups did not differ and did not exceed 7%. In a day after CCA occlusion and TBI, there was a statistically significant increase in the relative volume of edema-swelling, the content of dystrophic and necrobiotically altered neurons, the total number density and the relative area of the terminals decreased, but the total number density of neurons did not change. In 3, 7 and 14 days, the mechanisms of neuroglio- and synaptic plasticity were activated. The content of neurons with two or more nucleoli increased, the total number and content of hypertrophied astrocytes increased, the cytoskeleton of damaged neurons was restored, and the content of interneuronal synapses increased. During the period from 3 to 14 days, the total number density of neurons in CCA occlusion decreased by 16.3%, and in TBI – by 33.7% (p=0.001). Pathological and compensatory-restorative changes were of a diffuse-focal nature and were more pronounced after TBI.Conclusion. Thus, the same type of focal heterochronous and heteromorphic dystrophic, necrobiotic and compensatory-restorative changes in the nervous tissue were observed after CCA occlusion and TBI in the hippocampal CA3 region. Structural and functional recovery occurred together with a decrease in the total numerical density of pyramidal neurons and edema-swelling of the nervous tissue. More pronounced dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in TBI were combined with more pronounced compensatory-restorative changes in astrocytes and giant interneuronal synapses of the hippocampal CA3 region. The revealed changes were considered as the basis for the standard permanent compensatory-restorative reorganization of the nervous tissue of the hippocampus in the postischemic and post-traumatic periods.

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Changing the Hydration of Proteins of the Cytoskeleton of the Neuron - Mechanism of Formation and Motion of the

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

The possible role of hydration in concussions and long-term symptoms of concussion for athletes. A review of the evidence

The possible role of hydration in concussions and long-term symptoms of concussion for athletes. A review of the evidence

Comparative Characteristics of Structural and Functional Changes in the Hippocampal CA<sub>3</sub> Region in White Rats After Acute Ischemia and Brain Injury

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