Changing Role of the Speed of Processing Construct in the Cognitive Psychology of Human Aging

Hartley, Alan A.

doi:10.1016/b9-78-012101-2/64950-0124

Cited by 18 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…A more general and equally consistent finding in the literature is that older adults process information more slowly than younger adults (Hartley 2006). The speed of processing construct is both a phenomenon in itself and an explanation for declining cognitive performance on a variety of different tasks (Salthouse 1996).…”

Section: Age Effects On Cognitive Processingsupporting

confidence: 48%

Older but Wiser? Effects of Age on Political Cognition

Lau

Redlawsk

2008

The Journal of Politics

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In experimental studies of voter's information processing, Lau and Redlawsk (2006) found one control variable to have pervasive effects in their analyses: age. Age was associated with less information search, less memory, less accurate memory, and a lower probability of making a correct vote. Reexamining those experimental studies, we find that inexperience with computers and slower manual dexterity are both associated with less information access, but controlling on these factors, age continues to have a strong negative effect on information processing. In other more familiar situations, however, political knowledge can accumulate with greater experience, as it does with memories for actual presidential candidates and political parties, although this effect reverses at very advanced ages. Age has minimal effects on the probability of correct voting until the mid-60s, but we observe very sharp dropoffs thereafter. The normative implications of these findings for democratic representativeness are discussed.

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Section: Age Effects On Cognitive Processingsupporting

confidence: 48%

Older but Wiser? Effects of Age on Political Cognition

Lau

Redlawsk

2008

The Journal of Politics

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“…In the realm of variables constituting the RT in Go/noGo Task it is important to notice that amongst the considered predictors, age proved to be the best predictor of motor time, while in the case of latency time, this influence was additionally moderated by the level of N trait. Whereas motor time may be treated as an indicator of the muscular systems efficiency, latency time is an indicator of the quickness of the nervous system, and in the case of Go/noGo Task it is also an indicator of the information processing speed, a measure of executive control processes, particularly inhibition [17]. It is impor tant to mention that the level of N trait moderated the in fluence of age in these aspects of RT which are controlled by information processing, but not muscular system ef ficiency (motor time).…”

Section: Personality Age and Cognition O R I G I N A L P A P E R S Imentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of age and personality on the main cognitive processes in drivers

Biernacki

Tarnowski

2011

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: The purpose of this study is the evaluation of how the decline of cognitive abilities caused by aging is mode rated by biologically determined personality dimensions: Neuroticism (N) and Extraversion (E). Materials and Methods:The research was conducted with the participation of 160 men in good physical health, professional drivers, aged 20-70 (Mean = 40, SD = 11). Personality traits were measured using Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire -Revised (EPQR), while Ravens Progressive Matrices, Go/noGo Task and Peripheral Perception Test were used to evaluate cognitive pro cesses. The score of Ravens Progressive Matrices was treated as a control variable. Results: The results of the study, based on a Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis, indicate that besides the intelligence level, age is the best predictor of cognitive functioning level and that this influence is additionally moderated by the N trait level as well as, less frequently, by the interaction of age and E. Conclusion: This means that high N trait level increases the influence of age on cognitive functions decline. When the N trait level was low, the age differences in measures of cognitive performance were not sig nificant. Thus, the level of N trait may play an important role in the process of cognitive aging. The results are discussed in the context of a driving safety research.

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“…For example, there is a decline in the speed with which older adults process information (Hartley, 2006;Salthouse, 1994) that has broad consequences for the effectiveness and efficiency of cognition. For example, it has been suggested that slower processing makes it difficult for older readers to maintain information from prior sections of text that are needed to adequately interpret later sections, such as pronoun anaphors.…”

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confidence: 99%