StreszczenieJednym z najczęściej stosowanych narzędzi do badania choroby symulatorowej jest Kwestionariusz Choroby Symulatorowej (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire -SSQ) autorstwa Kennedy'ego i wsp. (1993). Mimo niewątpliwej popularności tego narzędzia kwestionariusz nie doczekał się standaryzacji ani przekładu umożliwiającego jego stosowanie w badaniach w Polsce. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie kwestionariusza SSQ polskim czytelnikom, zarówno badaczom, jak i praktykom. W jego pierwszej czę-ści omówiono badania z zastosowaniem SSQ, natomiast w drugiej przedstawiono procedurę badania SSQ i zaprezentowano SSQ wraz ze sposobem obliczania przykładowych wyników. Med. Pr. 2016;67(4):545-555 Słowa kluczowe: mdłości, dezorientacja, zaburzenia okulomotoryczne, choroba symulatorowa, symulatory, kwestionariusz SSQ AbstractOne of the most common methods for studying the simulator sickness issue is the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) (Kennedy et al., 1993). Despite the undoubted popularity of the SSQ, this questionnaire has not as yet been standardized and translated, which could allow us to use it in Poland for research purposes. The aim of our article is to introduce the SSQ to Polish readers, both researchers and practitioners. In the first part of this paper, the studies using the SSQ are discussed, whereas the second part consists of the description of the SSQ test procedure and the calculation method of sample results. Med Pr 2016;67 (4) WSTĘPObecnie już chyba nikogo nie trzeba przekonywać, że symulatory są i będą coraz częściej stosowane -zarów-no w badaniach naukowych, wyborze operatorów, jak i szkoleniach z udziałem kierowców samochodów osobowych, ciężarowych i uprzywilejowanych, pilotów samolotów oraz operatorów urządzeń (np. wózków widłowych). W przypadku badań naukowych stosowanie symulatorów ma tę niewątpliwą zaletę, że umożliwia (we względnie kontrolowanym i bezpiecznym środo-wisku) rejestrowanie wielu zmiennych fizjologicznych i związanych z samym procesem wykonania zadania. Najczęściej bada się następujące zmienne fizjologiczne: wskaźniki okulograficzne, sercowo-naczyniowe i zwią-zane z reakcją skórno-galwaniczną [1][2][3][4][5].
Objectives: Human reactions to environmental changes have been the subject of numerous investigations related to pathophysiology, aviation psychology, aviation, and sports. The present study aimed at evaluating the perception of light stimulus via the Critical Flicker Fusion threshold (CFF) measurements among aviation pilots. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out under hypoxic conditions corresponding to 5000 m altitude, for a period of 30 min, without the use of supplemental oxygen. Fourteen volunteer pilots, 23-30 years of age, were examined in the hypobaric chamber (HC). The measurements were performed at normobaria and at the initial and final phase of hypoxia. Heart rate (HR) and blood oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) were monitored. Results: The high altitude hypoxia was found to produce a decrease in the CFF threshold F(3.39) = 3.207, p < 0.05, and SaO 2 F(3.39) = 52.651, p < 0.001, as well as HR increase F(3.39) = 7.356, p < 0.001. The results indicate that the higher the decrease in SaO 2 under hypoxic conditions, the higher the decrease in CFF r = .567 p < 0.05. Likewise, the higher the increase in HR, the higher the decrease in CFF r = -0.491 p < 0.05. Conclusions: Under hypoxic conditions, the perceptual ability of the pilots is gradually decreasing. This has been confirmed by the findings of the physiological examinations. The authors express an opinion that it would be advisable to introduce CFF measurement into the hypobaric chamber tests as it allows individual assessment of the pilot's perceptual ability under conditions of incomplete physiological compensation of the high altitude hypoxia.
Objectives: Studies involving simulators are increasingly popular. We examined to what extent exposure to a variety of test conditions on the simulator affects the level of mood and severity of simulator sickness. In addition, we were interested in finding out to what degree the changes in mood are associated with the severity of the symptoms of simulator sickness. Material and Methods: Twelve men (aged M: 29.8, SD: 4.26) participated in the study, performing two 30-minute tasks in a driving simulator truck (fixed-base and mobile platform). For measuring mood, the UMACL questionnaire was used, and to assess the severity of the symptoms of simulator sickness, the SSQ questionnaire was used. Mood and the severity of simulator sickness symptoms were measured 3 times during the study (pretest, 2 min and 0.5 h after the test). Results: Symptoms of nausea and disorientation occurred after the tests on both simulators. In the case of the mobile platform, exacerbation of the symptoms associated with oculomotor disturbances was observed. These symptoms were particularly severe 2 min after completion of the test on the simulator, and they persisted for at least 0.5 h after the end of the test. The correlations between simulator sickness and mood explained from 35% to 65% of the variance of these variables. In particular, a strong association was observed between the oculomotor disturbances and a decrease in energetic arousal. This refers both to the effect level and the duration of these symptoms. Conclusions: Simulator sickness is a major problem in the use of simulators in both the research and the training of operators. In the conditions involving the mobile platform, not only was a higher severity of the symptoms of simulator sickness observed, but also a decrease in energetic arousal. Therefore, the implementation of the mobile platform can provide an additional source of conflict at the level of incoming stimuli and changes in mood may increase this effect. Thus, it seems important to consider the tasks performed on the simulator in the context of utility and the purpose for which we use them.
When assessing the psychological suitability for the profession of a pilot, it is important to considereye-hand co-ordination temperament personality
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