Changing Predominance of Norovirus Recombinant Strains GII.2[P16] to GII.4[P16] and GII.4[P31] in Thailand, 2017 to 2018

Abstract

In the present study, the prevalence of norovirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand between 2017 and 2018 was 14.9%. A variety of norovirus genotypes were detected, including GI.5, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.13, GII.14, and GII.17 with the predominance of GII.4 genotype.

The emergence of recombinant norovirus GII.12[P16] and predominance of GII.3[P12] strains in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2019–2020

“…So far, 11 different NoV recombinant patterns have been identified, including GII.1[P33], GII.2[P16], GII.3[P16], GII.3[P21], GII.4[P12] GII.4[P16], GII.4[P31], GII.6[P7], GII.12[P33], GII.13[P16], and GII.14[P7]. The emergence of NoV GII.2[P16] recombinant strains during 2016–2017 was reported in many countries worldwide as well as Thailand 11,19,31–33 . The follow‐up surveillance in Chiang Mai, from 2017 to 2018, demonstrated that the predominance of GII.2[P16] in 2017 was replaced by GII.4[P16] and GII.4[P31] in 2018 19 .…”

“…Recombination is one of the mechanisms that contribute a major role to the evolution and genetic diversity of NoV. Investigation of NoV recombinant strains circulating in pediatric patients with AGE in Chiang Mai has been carried out continually from 2005 to 2018 18,19 . So far, 11 different NoV recombinant patterns have been identified, including GII.1[P33], GII.2[P16], GII.3[P16], GII.3[P21], GII.4[P12] GII.4[P16], GII.4[P31], GII.6[P7], GII.12[P33], GII.13[P16], and GII.14[P7].…”

“…Recombination is one of the mechanisms that contribute a major role to the evolution and genetic diversity of NoV. Investigation of NoV recombinant strains circulating in pediatric patients with AGE in Chiang Mai has been carried out continually from 2005 to 2018. 18,19 T A B L E 2 Analysis of norovirus recombinant strains detected in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 2019 to 2020 had the highest evolutionary rate and this might increase the possibility of recombination to occur in combination with several other VP1 genotypes. 35 The emergence of a novel NoV GII.12[P16] recombinant strain was reported previously in Canada.…”

“…Nevertheless, the study on SaV recombination is still limited 16,17 . In Chiang Mai, Thailand, investigation of NoV and SaV recombinant strains has been continually carried out from 2005 to 2018 and the data demonstrated that NoV recombinant strains circulating in this area have changed over time throughout the study period 18–20 . This study aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of NoV and SaV recombinant strains circulating in pediatric patients hospitalized with AGE in Chiang Mai, during 2019–2020.…”

“…16,17 In Chiang Mai, Thailand, investigation of NoV and SaV recombinant strains has been continually carried out from 2005 to 2018 and the data demonstrated that NoV recombinant strains circulating in this area have changed over time throughout the study period. [18][19][20] This study aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of NoV and SaV recombinant strains circulating in pediatric patients hospitalized with AGE in Chiang Mai, during 2019-2020. Viral genomic RNA was extracted from 10% stool suspension using a Viral Nucleic Acid Extraction Kit (Geneaid) according to manufacturer's instructions.…”