Changing Patterns of Rotavirus Genotypes in Ghana: Emergence of Human Rotavirus G9 as a Major Cause of Diarrhea in Children

Armah, George; Steele, A. Duncan; Binka, Fred; Esona, Mathew D.; Asmah, Richard Harry; Anto, Francis; Brown, David; Green, Jon; Cutts, Felicity; Hall, Andy

doi:10.1128/jcm.41.6.2317-2322.2003

Cited by 96 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This implies that these viruses are significantly associated with diarrhea. Rotavirus has been shown to be the most important cause of viral diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age in Nigeria, 22,33 as also observed in Ghana 34 and Cameroon. 35 The prevalence of rotavirus infection in this community-based study was lower than previously reported in hospital-based studies in Nigeria, 22,33 Ghana 34 and Cameroon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of rotavirus and astrovirus infections in children in Northwestern Nigeria

et al. 2008

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Background: Recent estimates attribute 527 000 deaths in children less than five years of age to rotavirus diarrhea annually, with 145 000 occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Human astroviruses have been identified as one of the most frequent causes of infantile diarrhea, second in incidence only to rotavirus. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of rotavirus and astrovirus and also to establish the circulating strains of rotavirus in a community in Nigeria where most diarrheic patients do not visit clinics or health care centers. Methods: A total of 154 stool samples (134 diarrheic and 20 non-diarrheic) were collected from infants and young children less than 5 years of age from January-March 2002. Samples were obtained by house-to-house visit in randomly selected districts in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. The samples were screened for rotavirus and astrovirus antigens using commercially available Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. All positive group A rotavirus samples were further subjected to VP6 sub-group ELISA, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine their RNA electropherotypes and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine their VP7 and VP4 genotypes. Results: Rotavirus and astrovirus antigens were detected in 9% (12) and 5% (7) of the 134 diarrheic stool samples respectively. No viral antigen was detected in the non-diarrheic stools. Rotavirus infection was more common in younger children than astrovirus infection. VP6 sub-group II specificity (58.3%), long RNA electropherotypes (41.6%), VP7 genotype G1 (33.3%) and VP4 genotype P [6] (33.3%) were the most common strains in circulation at that time in the community. Of significance is the fact that a large proportion of the rotavirus strains in circulation could not be assigned either a VP6 subgroup or RNA electrophoretic pattern probably as a result of low viral load. Conclusion: In this community-based study, rotavirus and astrovirus were significantly associated with diarrhea. However, the prevalence of rotavirus infection among children appears to be low while that of astrovirus falls in the range seen in hospital-based studies around the continent. Rotavirus, astrovirus, diarrhoea, children, community, Nigeria Résume Contexte: Des estimations récentes attribuent 527 000 décès annuels d'enfants de moins de 5 ans à la diarrhée par rotavirus, parmi lesquels 145 000 surviennent en Afrique Sub Saharienne. Les astrovirus humains ont été identifiés comme l'une des causes les plus fréquentes de diarrhée infantile, en second lieu viennent les atrovirus. Cette étude a été menée pour déterminer la prévalence des rotavirus et astrovirus et établir les souches circulantes de rotavirus dans une population du Nigéria ou la plupart des patients diarrhéiques ne consultent pas en clinique ni les centres de santé. Key words: Epidemiology of Rotavirus and Astrovirus infection in Nigerian children. Aminu M. et al. Page | 169Méthode: Un total de 154 échantillons de selles (134 diarrhéiques et 20...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is similar to what has been reported globally. [34][35][36] Although cocirculation of different electropherotypes in a community is common, there was no genomic variant in this community. This may suggest that the gene pool is relatively stable and antigenic drift and gene reassortment among circulating strains is negligible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of rotavirus and astrovirus infections in children in Northwestern Nigeria

et al. 2008

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“…So far, few isolates of human rotavirus P[10] (strains 69M, 57M, B37, and 2 strains from Ghana) have been reported in the literature [Armah et al, 2003;Estes and Kapikian, 2007]. Analysis of the VP4 sequence of CMH079/05 revealed a high degree of sequence identity with strain 69M, a prototype strain of P[10] isolated in Indonesia [Hasegawa et al, 1984], suggesting that it belonged to genotype P [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, each of these P[10] rotavirus strains carried different G-P genotype combinations. The strains 69M and B37 were G8P[10], strain 57M was G4P[10] [Estes and Kapikian, 2007], and two other strains found in Ghana were G9P[10] genotypes [Armah et al, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of VP4, VP6, VP7, NSP4, and NSP5/6 genes identifies an unusual G3P[10] human rotavirus strain

Khamrin

Maneekarn

Peerakome

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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An unusual strain of human rotavirus G3P [10] (CMH079/05) was detected in a stool sample of a 2-year-old child admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Analysis of the VP7 gene sequence revealed highest identities with unusual human rotavirus G3 strain CMH222 at 98.7% on the nucleotide and 99.6% on the amino acid levels. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 sequence confirmed that the CMH079/05 strain formed a cluster with G3 rotavirus reference strains and showed the closest lineage with the CMH222 strain. Analysis of partial VP4 gene of CMH079/05 revealed highest degree of sequence identities with P[10] rotavirus prototype strain 69M at nucleotide and amino acid levels of 92.9% and 94.6%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4 sequence revealed that CMH079/05 and 69M clustered closely together in a monophyletic branch separated from other rotavirus genotypes. To our knowledge, this is a novel G-P combination of G3 and P[10] genotypes. In addition, analyses of VP6, NSP4, and NSP5/6 genes revealed these uncommon genetic characteristics: (i) the VP6 gene differed from the four other known subgroups; (ii) the NSP4 gene was identified as NSP4 genetic group C, an uncommon group in humans; and (iii) the NSP5/6 gene was most closely related with T152, a G12P[9] rotavirus previously isolated in Thailand. The finding of uncommon G3P [10] rotavirus in this pediatric patient provided additional evidence of the genetic diversity of human group A rotaviruses in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

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“…The differences may be due to variations in rotavirus genotypes among regions. Geographic differences in the diversity of strains and changes in infecting strains over time in the same geographical area have been described [13,14]. Pre-vaccine and post-vaccine introduction surveillance for circulating rotavirus strains will be useful for monitoring rotavirus disease patterns and the impact of vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of severe acute rotavirus gastroenteritis and intussusceptions in Ghanaian children under 5 years of age

Enweronu‐Laryea

Sagoe

Glover-Addy

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Vaccination is the most effective preventive strategy against rotavirus disease. Regional differences in prevalent rotavirus genotypes may affect vaccine efficacy. Pre-vaccine surveillance for burden of rotavirus disease, prevalent rotavirus genotypes, and association between rotavirus disease and intussusceptions helps in monitoring the impact of vaccination. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted from January 2008 to December 2009 in children younger than five years hospitalized for longer than 24 hours with acute gastroenteritis. Data on confirmed cases of intussusception were collected retrospectively. Stools were tested by enzyme immunoassay, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. Results: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) caused 13.1% (2,147/16,348) of hospitalizations among children under five years. Stools were tested for 50.2% (1077/2147) of AGE cases. Of these, 49% (528/1077) were rotavirus positive. Rotavirus gastroenteritis, non-rotavirus gastroenteritis, and intussusceptions were most prevalent in children under 15 months [80.3%, 74% and 91% respectively]. Rotavirus was detected from more than 60% of acute gastroenteritis cases during peak months. The prevalence of intussusception showed no seasonal pattern. The peak ages of six to twelve months for acute gastroenteritis and five to eight months for intussusception overlapped. G1, G2 and mixed G/P genotypes were common in the isolated rotaviruses. Conclusion: Rotavirus gastroenteritis causes significant morbidity in children younger than five years of age in Ghana. Although the peak age of rotavirus gastroenteritis and intussusceptions overlapped, there was no seasonal correlation between them. The high prevalence of mixed G/P genotypes in Ghanaian children may affect the effectiveness of vaccination.

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Changing Patterns of Rotavirus Genotypes in Ghana: Emergence of Human Rotavirus G9 as a Major Cause of Diarrhea in Children

Cited by 96 publications

References 22 publications

Epidemiology of rotavirus and astrovirus infections in children in Northwestern Nigeria

Epidemiology of rotavirus and astrovirus infections in children in Northwestern Nigeria

Molecular characterization of VP4, VP6, VP7, NSP4, and NSP5/6 genes identifies an unusual G3P[10] human rotavirus strain

Prevalence of severe acute rotavirus gastroenteritis and intussusceptions in Ghanaian children under 5 years of age

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