Changing our microbiome: probiotics in dermatology

Abstract

Summary Background Commensal bacteria are a major factor in human health and disease pathogenesis. Interest has recently expanded beyond the gastrointestinal microbiome to include the skin microbiome and its impact on various skin diseases. Objectives Here we present current data reviewing the role of the microbiome in dermatology, considering both the gut and skin microflora. Our objective was to evaluate whether the clinical data support the utility of oral and topical probiotics for certain dermatological diseases. Methods The PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for basic science, translational research and clinical studies that investigated differences in the cutaneous microbiome and the impact of probiotics in patients with atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, chronic wounds, seborrhoeic dermatitis and cutaneous neoplasms. Results Few clinical trials exist that explore the utility of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of dermatological diseases, with the exception of atopic dermatitis. Most studies investigated oral probiotic interventions, and of those utilizing topical probiotics, few included skin commensals. In general, the available clinical trials yielded positive results with improvement of the skin conditions after probiotic intervention. Conclusions Oral and topical probiotics appear to be effective for the treatment of certain inflammatory skin diseases and demonstrate a promising role in wound healing and skin cancer. However, more studies are needed to confirm these results. What's already known about this topic? The microbiome plays a role in human health and disease pathogenesis. Probiotics can manipulate the host microbiome and may confer health benefits for patients. Research to date has already begun to explore the utility of oral and topical probiotics for certain dermatological diseases. What does this study add? This review presents basic science and clinical trial data to support the role of the gut and skin microbiome in dermatology. Current data are reviewed on the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, chronic wounds and cutaneous neoplasms. Future probiotic interventions are proposed.

Soluble Fraction from Lysates of Selected Probiotic Strains Differently Influences Re-Epithelialization of HaCaT Scratched Monolayer Through a Mechanism Involving Nitric Oxide Synthase 2

“…The results of a recent meta-analysis from controlled in vivo studies testing the efficacy of probiotics for skin lesions in animal models strongly support that topical probiotic administration is an effective pharmacological treatment for cutaneous wounds [43]. The new perspective and therapeutic potential of beneficial probiotic species as an alternative and safe approach for the treatment of patients affected by cutaneous disorders, including non-healing wounds, has been recently reviewed [7,17]. Our data extend the spectrum of the mechanisms underlying the effects of specific probiotics on the re-epithelialization process and may further justify their use in the topical treatment of skin wounds.…”

“…The most widely used probiotics are species from the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Escherichia coli [3]. Oral administration of probiotics has shown to exert positive effects on intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders, including skin diseases [4][5][6][7]. Anyway, there is a growing body of research involving the use of a topical application of probiotics in dermatology with benefits in atopic dermatitis, acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and wound healing [4,[7][8][9][10].…”

“…Oral administration of probiotics has shown to exert positive effects on intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders, including skin diseases [4][5][6][7]. Anyway, there is a growing body of research involving the use of a topical application of probiotics in dermatology with benefits in atopic dermatitis, acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and wound healing [4,[7][8][9][10]. In this context, for some years, our group has been focusing the attention on studies aimed to investigate, in vitro and in vivo, the effects of selected probiotic strains on skin.…”

Probiotics and prebiotics potential for the care of skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract

“…Recently, Yu et al (2019) evaluated whether the clinical data support the use of oral and topical probiotics for certain dermatologic diseases. The results showed that few clinical trials exist that evaluate the utility of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of dermatologic diseases, with the exception of AD.…”

Human skin bacterial flora differ with altitudes in different ethnic groups of Nepal

“…1 Skin supports the growth of commensal bacteria, which, in turn, protects skin from pathogenic bacteria. [2][3][4] Human skin microbiota also produces modulators of immune system, such as short-chain fatty acids and metabolites of tyrosine or tryptophan; up regulates regulatory T lymphocytes, 5 and produces bacteriocin to out compete skin pathogens. 6 Human skin bacterial communities appear to be diverse.…”