Changes to pediatric brain tumors in 2021 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system

Öztek, Murat Alp; Noda, Sakura M.; Romberg, Erin K.; Cole, Bonnie; Wright, Jason N.; Ishak, Gisele E.; Perez, Francisco A.

doi:10.1007/s00247-022-05546-w

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…We screened these results according to the PRISMA 2020 guideline and narrowed them down to potentially eligible studies by removing duplicates, and irrelevant studies by title and abstract screening. After excluding 33 studies based on the exclusion criteria, six studies with 31 patients with CNS NB‐FOXR2 satisfied the criteria for the systematic review 3,18–22 . Other than 25 case series by Tietze et al., 22 which focused on MR imaging features, these studies were case‐based reports 3,18–21 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After excluding 33 studies based on the exclusion criteria, six studies with 31 patients with CNS NB-FOXR2 satisfied the criteria for the systematic review. 3,[18][19][20][21][22] Other than 25 case series by Tietze 22 which focused on MR imaging features, these studies were case-based reports. 3,[18][19][20][21] The study selection process is summarized in the flow diagram in Figure 1.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,[18][19][20][21][22] Other than 25 case series by Tietze 22 which focused on MR imaging features, these studies were case-based reports. 3,[18][19][20][21] The study selection process is summarized in the flow diagram in Figure 1. One review article was excluded since the duplicated case (patient #2 in our hospital) with different images was included.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroimaging features of FOXR2‐activated CNS neuroblastoma: A case series and systematic review

Shimazaki

Kurokawa

Franson

et al. 2023

Journal of Neuroimaging

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Background and Purpose: CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated (CNS NB-FOXR2) is a newly recognized tumor type in the 2021 World Health Organization classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We aimed to investigate the clinical and neuroimaging findings of CNS NB-FOXR2 and systematically review previous publications and three new cases. Methods: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase databases for patients with pathologically proven CNS NB-FOXR2 with sufficient information for preoperative CT and MRI findings. Two board-certified radiologists reviewed the studies and imaging data. Results: Thirty-one patients from six previous publications and 3 patients from our hospital comprised the study population (median age, 4.2 [range: 1.4-16] years; 19 girls).Clinically, CNS NB-FOXR2 mainly affected children between 2 and 6 years (24/34, 67.6%).Nausea/vomiting and seizures were reported as the main presenting symptoms (100% in total). The tumors frequently showed hyperdensity compared to the cortex on nonenhanced CT (4/5, 80%) with calcification along the inner rim of the tumor (4/5, 80%).More than half of patients showed susceptibility artifacts indicating intratumoral hemorrhage and/or calcification (15/28, 53.6%) on T2*-and/or susceptibility-weighted imaging.Elevated relative cerebral blood volume and flow and percentile signal recovery were observed in one case with dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI.Conclusions: Characteristic imaging features including hyperdense attenuation of the solid components and calcification along the inner rim on CT and susceptibility-weighted imaging may assist with preoperative diagnosis of CNS NB-FOXR2 in pediatric patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroimaging features of FOXR2‐activated CNS neuroblastoma: A case series and systematic review

Shimazaki

Kurokawa

Franson

et al. 2023

Journal of Neuroimaging

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“…Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), a subset of diffuse midline gliomas that are H3K27 altered, as classified by the fifth edition of the WHO’s Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), are highly fatal pediatric brainstem tumors for which there are no curative treatment options [ 1 , 2 ]. As such, the prognosis remains dismal, with a 2-year survival rate of <10% despite maximal radiotherapy [ 1 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positioning Transclival Tumor-Treating Fields for the Treatment of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas

Essayed

Jarvis

Bernstock

et al. 2023

Life

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Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) carries an extremely poor prognosis, with 2-year survival rates of <10% despite the maximal radiation therapy. DIPG cells have previously been shown to be sensitive to low-intensity electric fields in vitro. Accordingly, we sought to determine if the endoscopic endonasal (EE) implantation of an electrode array in the clivus would be feasible for the application of tumor-treating fields (TTF) in DIPG. Anatomic constraints are the main limitation in pediatric EE approaches. In our Boston Children’s Hospital’s DIPG cohort, we measured the average intercarotid distance (1.68 ± 0.36 cm), clival width (1.62 ± 0.19 cm), and clival length from the base of the sella (1.43 ± 0.69 cm). Using a linear regression model, we found that only clival length and sphenoid pneumatization were significantly associated with age (R2 = 0.568, p = 0.005 *; R2 = 0.605, p = 0.0002 *). Critically, neither of these parameters represent limitations to the implantation of a device within the dimensions of those currently available. Our findings confirm that the anatomy present within this age group is amenable to the placement of a 2 × 1 cm electrode array in 94% of patients examined. Our work serves to demonstrate the feasibility of implantable transclival devices for the provision of TTFs as a novel adjunctive therapy for DIPG.

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Changes to pediatric brain tumors in 2021 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system

Cited by 2 publications

References 87 publications

Neuroimaging features of FOXR2‐activated CNS neuroblastoma: A case series and systematic review

Neuroimaging features of FOXR2‐activated CNS neuroblastoma: A case series and systematic review

Positioning Transclival Tumor-Treating Fields for the Treatment of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas

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