Changes of Metabolites in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Its Subtypes

Abstract

Existing techniques have many limitations in the diagnosis and classification of ischemic stroke (IS). Considering this, we used metabolomics to screen for potential biomarkers of IS and its subtypes and to explore the underlying related pathophysiological mechanisms. Serum samples from 99 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) [the AIS subtypes included 49 patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and 50 patients with small artery occlusion (SAO)] and 50 matched healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify potential biomarkers. There were 18 significantly different metabolites, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, L-glutamine, L-arginine, and L-proline, between patients with AIS and HCs. These different metabolites are closely related to many metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. There were also differences in metabolic profiling between the LAA and SAO groups. There were eight different metabolites, including L-pipecolic acid, 1-Methylhistidine, PE, LysoPE, and LysoPC, which affected glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, histidine metabolism, and lysine degradation. Our study effectively identified the metabolic profiles of IS and its subtypes. The different metabolites between LAA and SAO may be potential biomarkers in the context of clinical diagnosis. These results highlight the potential of metabolomics to reveal new pathways for IS subtypes and provide a new avenue to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IS and its subtypes.

Discovering Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Associated Genes Based on Network Representation Learning

“…The most GO biological process enriched is the glycerolipid metabolic process. Wang et al (2021) has proved that the glycerophospholipid metabolism plays a role in IS. KEGG analysis revealed the importance of potassium transport channels in IS, and this also was demonstrated in the work of Chen et al (2016) , where they found that potassium channels can be a potential pharmacological target for IS to slow down cerebral edema formation.…”

Metabolomic Profiles of Men and Women Ischemic Stroke Patients

“…Several studies have investigated different metabolites in stroke [26,28,32,33]. Findings reveal new metabolites pathways for ischemic stroke subtypes and provide a new avenue to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke and its subtypes.…”

“…Knowledge of the underlying metabolic differences might lead to concrete starting points for a future research to improve care for men and women AIS patients. Existing studies [13,14,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] that investigated metabolites in stroke focused on differences between stroke and control, hemorrhagic strokes compared with non-hemorrhagic or ischemic strokes. For example, elevated plasma DNA concentrations were detected in patients with hemorrhagic strokes compared with non-hemorrhagic strokes, with a 31% sensitivity and 83% specificity for discriminating the two types of stroke [34].…”

Role of Citicoline in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

“…Among the biochemical mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of TBI, the inflammatory processes [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and the impairment of the phospholipid metabolism and its consequences [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] play an important role. Because of these pathophysiological conditions, there is agreement on the need for drugs that may have a protective and restorative or reparative effect on the nervous system [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], the so-called “traumatic penumbra” being the target of their effect [ 22 ].…”