Changes of Langerhans cells during skin ageing

Abstract

A b s t r a c tIntroduction: During the process of skin ageing, changes occur in all skin layers and all cells, including the Langerhans cells. Aim: To assess whether any quantitative difference in the number of CD1a + LC cells/mm 2 and HLA-DR + LC cells/ mm 2 as well as in their morphological features can be observed during the course of different types of skin ageing. Material and methods: The study was conducted in a group of 60 women, which was divided into three independent groups: group I with symptoms of menopausal skin ageing, group II with symptoms of photoageing, group III with symptoms of chronological ageing. Skin biopsy samples were taken from the pre-auricular region from all of the participants. The number of CD1a + LC cells/mm 2 and HLA-DR + LC cells/mm 2 as well as their morphological features were evaluated. Results: The frequency of CD1a + LC and HLA-DR + LC in all the studied groups was diverse. In groups I and III, the LC with large cell bodies and long, multi-branched processes were the majority. In group II, the LC had small cell bodies and their processes were mainly short and unbranched.

The Role of microRNAs in Organismal and Skin Aging

“…These immune skin cells reside either in the epidermis or in the suprabasal layer of the stratified squamous epithelium of the upper part of the digestive system mucosae [ 147 , 148 ]. The epidermis is an epithelial layer that is composed primarily of keratinocytes, albeit LCs constitute 3–8% of the entire epidermal cellular population [ 149 ]. LCs are also involved in the pathogenesis of multiple cutaneous illnesses, including autoimmune diseases, allergy contact dermatitis, and cancer [ 148 , 149 ].…”

“…The epidermis is an epithelial layer that is composed primarily of keratinocytes, albeit LCs constitute 3–8% of the entire epidermal cellular population [ 149 ]. LCs are also involved in the pathogenesis of multiple cutaneous illnesses, including autoimmune diseases, allergy contact dermatitis, and cancer [ 148 , 149 ]. Considerable progress has been made in the characterization of various developmental processes in LCs [ 147 ], whereas the mechanisms involved in LC senescence and aging are still not clear.…”

The Incidence of Skin Cancer in Relation to Climate Change in South Africa

“…PM and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can cause skin cancer in animal models [19]. The pollutants may penetrate the skin through the exposed site or may be inhaled, thus becoming systemic through the respiratory tract.…”

“…The pollutants may penetrate the skin through the exposed site or may be inhaled, thus becoming systemic through the respiratory tract. Four potential mechanisms that account for the harmful effects of air pollution on skin have been identified: generation of free radicals, induction of inflammatory cascade and disruption of skin barrier, activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and alterations to skin microflora [19,20]. The presence of free radicals, in particular, increases the risk of skin cancer through mechanisms such as the promotion of oxidative stress and a proinflammatory environment in the skin and DNA damage [21,22].…”

Immunological and non-immunological mechanisms of allergic diseases in the elderly: biological and clinical characteristics

“…Contact dermatitis is common in the elderly population (particularly allergy-type reactions) [ 2 ]. Reduced ability to mount a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the elderly decreases individual susceptibility to allergic contact sensitivity due to a reduction in numbers of Langerhans cells [ 70 ], decreased T-cells, and diminished vascular reactivity [ 71 ]. However, decades of potential sensitization [ 72 ] and an increased level of exposure maintain a presence of allergic contact sensitivity in the geriatric population [ 73 ].…”