Changes of
            <i>Cinchona</i>
            distribution over the past two centuries in the northern Andes

González‐Orozco, Carlos E.; Guillén, Esther García; Cuvi, Nicolás

doi:10.1098/rsos.230229

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, we thoroughly reviewed data related to botanical samples deposited in herbaria to build a database reflecting the actual presence of the studied species. This approach is crucial as the genus Cinchona can be confused with its close relatives Remijia and Ladenbergia [69]; approximately 330 names have been attributed to the Cinchona species, most of which are currently synonyms and/or correspond to related genera [11,14]. Furthermore, the biodiversity data obtained from GBIF often contain taxonomic and georeferencing errors [70], which can lead to incorrect model calibrations [71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Distribution and Identification of Critical Areas for the Preservation and Recovery of Three Species of Cinchona L. (Rubiaceae) in Northeastern Peru

Coronel-Castro,

Meza-Mori,

Torres

et al. 2024

Forests

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The genus Cinchona L. has important medicinal, cultural, and economic value and is the emblematic tree of Peru. The genus is mainly found in the cloud forests of the Andes. However, the expansion of agriculture and livestock farming in the department of Amazonas is degrading these ecosystems and has reduced the size of the genus’s populations. In this work, we model the potential distribution under current conditions of three Cinchona species (C. capuli L. Anderson, C. macrocalyx Pav. Ex DC., and C. pubescens Vahl.) to identify areas with a high likelihood of species presence and their key conservation and reforestation zones. We fitted a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model using nineteen bioclimatic variables, three topographic variables, nine edaphic variables, and solar radiation. Under current conditions, the potential distribution of C. capuli covers 17.22% (7243.98 km2); C. macrocalyx, 29.11% (12,238.91 km2); and C. pubescens, 22.94% (9647.63 km2) of the study area, which was mostly located in central and southern Amazonas. Only 24.29% (25.51% of C. capuli, 21.02% of C. macrocalyx, and 26.35% of C. pubescens) of the potential distributions are within protected areas, while 10,987.22 km2 of the surface area of the department of Amazonas is degraded, of which 29.80% covers the area of probable occurrence of C. capuli, 38.72% of C. macrocalyx, and 34.82% of C. pubescens. Consequently, it is necessary to promote additional conservation strategies for Cinchona, including the establishment of new protected areas and the recovery of degraded habitats, in order to protect this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Distribution and Identification of Critical Areas for the Preservation and Recovery of Three Species of Cinchona L. (Rubiaceae) in Northeastern Peru

Coronel-Castro,

Meza-Mori,

Torres

et al. 2024

Forests

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Traditional medicinal use is linked with apparency, not specialized metabolite profiles in the order Caryophyllales

Crum,

Philander,

Busta

et al. 2024

American J of Botany

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PremiseBetter understanding of the relationship between plant specialized metabolism and traditional medicine has the potential to aid in bioprospecting and untangling of cross‐cultural use patterns. However, given the limited information available for metabolites in most plant species, understanding medicinal use–metabolite relationships can be difficult. The order Caryophyllales has a unique pattern of lineages of tyrosine‐ or phenylalanine‐dominated specialized metabolism, represented by mutually exclusive anthocyanin and betalain pigments, making Caryophyllales a compelling system to explore the relationship between medicine and metabolites by using pigment as a proxy for dominant metabolism.MethodsWe compiled a list of medicinal species in select tyrosine‐ or phenylalanine‐dominant families of Caryophyllales (Nepenthaceae, Polygonaceae, Simmondsiaceae, Microteaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Amaranthaceae, Limeaceae, Molluginaceae, Portulacaceae, Cactaceae, and Nyctaginaceae) by searching scientific literature until no new uses were recovered. We then tested for phylogenetic clustering of uses using a “hot nodes” approach. To test potential non‐metabolite drivers of medicinal use, like how often humans encounter a species (apparency), we repeated the analysis using only North American species across the entire order and performed phylogenetic generalized least squares regression (PGLS) with occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).ResultsWe hypothesized families with tyrosine‐enriched metabolism would show clustering of different types of medicinal use compared to phenylalanine‐enriched metabolism. Instead, wide‐ranging, apparent clades in Polygonaceae and Amaranthaceae are overrepresented across nearly all types of medicinal use.ConclusionsOur results suggest that apparency is a better predictor of medicinal use than metabolism, although metabolism type may still be a contributing factor.

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Current and Future Spatial Distribution of the Genus Cinchona in Peru: Opportunities for Conservation in the Face of Climate Change

Vergara,

Cieza-Tarrillo,

Ocaña

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The genus Cinchona belongs to the Rubiaceae family and comprises native Peruvian tree species distributed in tropical areas. It is currently endangered due to human disturbance and overexploitation for medicinal, forestry and food uses. To date, the current and future distribution of Cinchona spp. under the climate change scenario is unknown. Here, we modeled the present and future spatial distribution of the genus Cinchona using bioclimatic, edaphic and topographic variables using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt). The results indicate that 8.08% (103,547.89 km2) and 6.02% (77,163.81 km2) of the surface of Peru possesses areas with high and moderate distribution probabilities, respectively, to host the genus Cinchona, distributed mainly in the departments of Cusco, Amazonas, San Martín and Cajamarca. Furthermore, according to future climate scenarios, the areas of high suitability will increase their extension for the years 2050 and 2070 by 3.65% and 3.9%, respectively. Since Peru seeks to promote the forest sector to be the other force for its development, this study can be considered as a basis for the establishment of priority zones for the conservation, restoration, reforestation and sustainable management of Cinchona spp. species in Peru.

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Changes of Cinchona distribution over the past two centuries in the northern Andes

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Potential Distribution and Identification of Critical Areas for the Preservation and Recovery of Three Species of Cinchona L. (Rubiaceae) in Northeastern Peru

Potential Distribution and Identification of Critical Areas for the Preservation and Recovery of Three Species of Cinchona L. (Rubiaceae) in Northeastern Peru

Traditional medicinal use is linked with apparency, not specialized metabolite profiles in the order Caryophyllales

Current and Future Spatial Distribution of the Genus Cinchona in Peru: Opportunities for Conservation in the Face of Climate Change

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