Changes of Gut Microbiota and Its Correlation With Short Chain Fatty Acids and Bioamine in Piglets at the Early Growth Stage

Abstract

The change characteristics of intestinal microbial succession and the correlation with the production of two important types of bacterial metabolites (short chain fatty acids and bioamine) in piglets during the early stage were fully explored in this study. Six piglets from different litters with the same birth time were selected, weighted and euthanized at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of age. During this stage, the piglets grew quickly with gradual increases in blood levels of growth hormone and insulin, and in the intestinal developmental index and immunity. 16s rRNA analysis indicated the alpha diversity of colonic microbiome community was higher than ileum. However, the composition change in the ileal microbiota was more dramatic over time. Lactobacillus genus was the dominant bacteria in piglets' ileum while Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae genera were the dominant bacteria in colon up to weaning. Gut bacterial community of the piglets showed obvious differences between the three different phases: newborn, before weaning, and post weaning. This was similar to the morphological change pattern of pigs' gut. Total SCFA content in the colon of pigs showed almost a 20-fold increase at day 42 compared to the value at day 1. The percentage of acetic acid among the total SCFAs dropped quickly from 74.5% at day 1 to 36.5% at day 42, while butyric acid and propionic acid showed significant increases at the stage. The histamine level increased and putrescine level decreased markedly in the colon with time while the amounts of total bioamines, tyramine and spermidine were devoid of changes. Dozens bacteria taxa showed highly correlations with SCFAs and bioamines. These findings provide an expanded view of the dynamic pig gut and gut microbiome at the important early growth stage.

The Responses of Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 or Antibiotic on Intestinal Barrier Function and Microbiota in the Cecum of Pigs

“…Franklin et al showed that pig intestinal SCFA concentrations and microbial populations are influenced by weaning age ( Franklin et al, 2002 ). Recently, Qi et al also found that total SCFA concentration was increased as pigs aged (from lactation and early nursery; Qi et al, 2020 ). Hence, we speculated that the influence of age on SCFAs may be related to it.…”

Nuciferine Regulates Immune Function and Gut Microbiota in DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis

“…It has been demonstrated that the intestinal flora is involved in the development of UC and affects its severity. In particular, intestinal flora dysbiosis promotes intestinal inflammation and an immune response (49), which may be key for the induction of IBD (50). When UC occurs, the intestinal flora becomes disordered, the abundance of harmful bacteria increases, and the number of beneficial bacteria decreases (51)(52)(53).…”

Host species and habitats shape the bacterial community of gut microbiota of three non-human primates: Siamangs, white-handed gibbons, and Bornean orangutans

“…The gut microbial structure of individual digestive chambers cannot be fully revealed by fecal samples alone. Qi et al ( 2021 ) reported that the alpha-diversity of ileal microbiota was lower compared with that of the colon in pigs, and different dominant genera were identified in colonic and ileal microbial communities. However, severe discomfort and suffering to the animals are unavoidable when invasive approaches are employed to collect these samples.…”