Changes of China's forestry and forest products industry over the past 40 years and challenges lying ahead

Spatial Agglomeration of China’s Forest Products Manufacturing Industry: Measurement, Characteristics and Determinants

“…Secondly, the Chinese government should strengthen trade ties with overseas timberexporting countries, such as Russia, New Zealand, Canada, the United States and Australia, and also develop high-quality artificial forests to broaden timber supply channels [65]. At present, the quality of artificial forests in China is poor, which is reflected not only in the scarcity of large-diameter timber and precious tree species, such as Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis and Phoebe bourneii, but also in the single structure of artificial forest species [2,74]. In the future, government departments should combine the development of artificial forests with the processing trade of forest products and scientifically plan and manage artificial forests to meet the development needs of forest products manufacturing [65].…”

“…The forest products manufacturing industry is an important part of China's national economy and plays a key role in providing raw materials for production, promoting economic growth and increasing employment [1]. China has become the world's largest country in the forest products trade, as well as the world's largest producer and consumer of forest products [2]. In 2018, China's total imports and exports of forest products reached USD 83.7 billion and USD 81.6 billion, respectively, a total value of USD 165.3 billion [3].…”

“…The forest product export market is mainly concentrated in a few countries, such as the United States, Japan and members of the European Union [5]. In 2017, the Chinese government announced the full implementation of the prohibition of the commercial cutting of natural forests in the country, which further aggravated the imbalance between supply and demand of Chinese timber [2]. In order to enhance the international competitiveness and sustainable development ability of the forest products manufacturing industry, the Chinese government proposed to optimize the layout of wood processing, furniture, paper and other industries, and give play to the agglomeration effect of key industries and competitive advantages of regional industries in the "13th Five-Year Forestry Development Plan (2016-2020)".…”

Planetary Boundaries for Forests and Their National Exceedance

“…Forest stocks can indicate the abundance of forest resources. 38 The increase of forest stocks, achieved by maintaining the forest stock increment no less than the harvest volume, contributes to ensuring the long-term sustainability of forest resource utilization. 39 Thus, this study uses the forest stock increment to quantitively represent the FPB, aiming to define a safe operating space for forest harvesting activities.…”

Foliar nutrient and carbohydrate in Aralia elata can be modified by understory light quality in forests with different structures at Northeast China

“…China has become the world's major trader of forest products with a system of manufacturing and trading forest products under the guidance of adapting to global market and institutional forces (Ke et al 2019). This was established following the fast development of new forest plantations from 1978 up to the latest decade which resulted in the increase of forest stock from 886 million m 3 up to 1,544 million m 3 (Ke et al 2019). As a result, forests have accounted for 21.6% of national land of China in 2015 with comparison to that for 12.7% in 1978 (State Forestry Administration of China 2019).…”