Changes in Whole-Tree Water Use Following Live-Crown Pruning in Young Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana

Alcorn, Philip J.; Forrester, David I.; Thomas, Damon; James, Ryde; Smith, Ben; Nicotra, Adrienne B.; Bauhus, Jürgen

doi:10.3390/f4010106

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For instance, Roberts, Vertessy, & Grayson (2001) reported that the mean daily tree transpiration of Eucalyptus sieberi aged 14, 45, and 160 years, were 10.6, 21.8, and 49.4 L day −1 , respectively. Another study (Alcorn et al, 2013) showed that the mean daily transpiration of the individual E. pilularis and E. cloeziana trees (both tree species were 5-6 years old) ranged from 9 to 16 L day −1 . In our study, the whole tree transpiration for young, mature, and old trees during the whole experimental period was in the range of 3-15, 8-20, and 12-32 L day −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Water Use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stand age rather than soil moisture gradient mainly regulates the compromise between plant growth and water use of Eucalyptus urophylla in hilly South China

Ouyang

Wu²,

Zhao

et al. 2021

Land Degrad Dev

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Large‐scale cultivation and short‐term rotation of Eucalyptus trees for economic reasons have led to excessive consumption of soil water, raising broader ecological, and environmental concerns. Therefore, exploring the balance between water use and plant growth of Eucalyptus trees has become increasingly important but remains understudied. Here, we hypothesized that stand age and soil moisture gradient can both regulate such balance and examined this hypothesis by collecting a field dataset of Eucalyptus urophylla plantations that respectively capture three age categories (i.e., young age of 3–4 years, mature age of 6–7 years, and old age of >25 years) and span three soil moisture gradients along a hilly slope in South China. The datasets collected in Jan/2018–Dec/2019 included (a) continuous measurements of tree sap flow and soil moisture and (b) periodic measurements of leaf water potential (Ψleaf), tree biometric parameters, and stand leaf area index (LAI). With the data, we derived the monthly tree transpiration (EL), annual growth rate, and tree water use efficiency (WUE). Our results showed that stand age importantly regulated plant growth and water use, as old trees transpired more water than young and mature trees, while the young trees have significantly higher WUE due to their relatively higher growth rate and lower water consumption. In contrast, we did not observe significant differences in tree transpiration along with soil moisture gradients at each age level, suggesting stand age rather than soil moisture gradient dominantly regulates the growth versus water‐use compromise. Our results also showed that the old trees can maintain a more stable water consumption, suggesting that they are less sensitive to environmental seasonality and thus more stable. Collectively, our study provides important insights into the management and ecosystem stability of Eucalyptus plantation in South China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Water Use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stand age rather than soil moisture gradient mainly regulates the compromise between plant growth and water use of Eucalyptus urophylla in hilly South China

Ouyang

Wu²,

Zhao

et al. 2021

Land Degrad Dev

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“…For example, trees can compensate for a 25% or more defoliation treatment, showing no changes in concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates (Körner, 2003; Boege, 2005; Würth et al, 2005). A crown removal of 50% in Eucalyptus species showed no significant reduction in height and diameter increments over a 2-year period (Alcorn et al, 2008; Alcorn et al, 2013), indicating the great capability of trees to maintain above-ground growth rate from their reserve pools despite loss of foliage. On the contrary, Fraxinus stem growth responded to defoliation, by showing reduced growth rate initially, but recovering in the second year after the treatment, and remaining consistent in the following years ( Figure S1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Above- and Below-Ground Growth Responses of Two Urban Tree Species Following Root, Stem, and Foliage Damage—An Experimental Approach

et al. 2019

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Urban trees are subjected to numerous biotic and mechanical damages, which can affect their growth rates and health. However, for most species, a systematic analysis of tree above- and below-ground growth reactions to a variety of damages is still lacking. Under a fully factorial experimental setup, using two common urban trees (Celtis occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica), we tested the effects of various degrees of frequently occurring damage as defoliation, root reduction, and stem injuries for a total of 18 treatments. We hypothesized that (i) an increasing amount of damage would proportionally negatively affect both root and stem growth; (ii) there would be a lag or lasting effect on growth; and (iii) both species would react similarly to the treatments. Contrary to our expectation, increasing levels of single or combined damage did not have an incremental effect on either stem or root growth. Although Celtis was significantly less vigorous than Fraxinus, it did not react strongly to damage treatments compared to the control. Interestingly, Celtis that experienced stem damage alone or in combination with other damages showed higher growth rates than the control. For Celtis, root injury was the treatment having the most impact, decreasing both root and stem growth consistently throughout the 5 years following treatments, whereas defoliation decreased growth only in the first 2 years. All damage treatments negatively affected stem and root growth of Fraxinus trees. Stem growth was affected the most by defoliation in the first year following the treatment, while root injury became the driving factor in subsequent years. For both species, stem injury showed the least influence on growth rates. The control and low-level damage treatments often affected growth rates in a similar way, suggesting that low-intensity stress triggers compensatory reactions stimulating photosynthetic rates and nutrient utilization. The slower-growing tree species, Celtis, showed a less negative reaction to all damage treatments compared to Fraxinus. This study illustrates that various types of above- and below-ground injuries do not have a simple additive effect on tree growth and that trees are capable of compensating for the loss of foliage, roots, or phloem to meet their metabolic demand.

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“…On the other hand, it may be possible to reduce the nutrient consumption of the aerial part of Polygonatum cyrtonema by topping so that the underground rhizome can distribute more nutrients and promote its expansion. The wound-inducing effect after the topping causes the strong compensatory growth of Polygonatum cyrtonema 23,24 , thereby driving the accumulation of underground rhizome biomass.…”

Section: Effects Of Plant Topping On Rhizome Yield and Functional Com...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant topping effects on the yield and active ingredient content of rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema, and analysis of functional composition, Antioxidant Activity its Waste

Tang

Chen

Guo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Polygonatum cyrtonema is a perennial plant, and it has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for food and medicine. The medicinal part of Polygonatum cyrtonema is the underground rhizome; however, the aerial part has not been studied so far for its medicinal activity. To promote the growth of underground rhizomes, the topping of aboveground plants of Polygonatum cyrtonema has been conducted. To understand the effect of the topping of aerial parts on the yield and medicinal components of rhizomes, the present study was conducted. Also, the chemical constituents, antioxidant, and in vitro hypoglycemic activities of the aerial stem, leave, and flower parts of Polygonatum cyrtonema were analyzed. The results showed that compared to the control (CK) treatment, the topping of the aerial part increased rhizome weight gain coefficient (3.43) significantly than the CK treatment (2.63). Moreover, the topping of the aerial part induces the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. As such, the polysaccharide content in the rhizome (8.80%) and the total saponin content (37.60 mg/g) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than CK treatment. The contents of total phenols and total flavonoids in PCL and PCF were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those in rhizomes; however, the polysaccharide content (10.47%) in PCR (whole rhizome) was higher than that in PCS (3.65%), PCL (5.99%), and PCF (4.76%) content. The protein and amino acid contents in PCS, PCL, and PCF were higher than those in rhizomes. The protein and amino acid contents in PCS, PCL, and PCF were higher than those in rhizomes. PCS, PCL, and PCF showed strong antioxidant activities (DPPH, ·OH, ABTS, and FRAP), which were better than traditional medicinal parts ( the rhizome). To sum up, the topping measures can improve the rhizome yield of Polygonatum cyrtonema and the medicinal components of the rhizomes, which can be applied to improve production. The stems, leaves, and flowers had a much stronger antioxidant activity and higher the total polyphenols, flavonoids, proteins, and amino acid content. Therefore, stems, leaves, and flowers of Polygonatum can be fully developed according to different needs. they are typically used in animal feed, food storage and cosmetics.

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Changes in Whole-Tree Water Use Following Live-Crown Pruning in Young Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Stand age rather than soil moisture gradient mainly regulates the compromise between plant growth and water use of Eucalyptus urophylla in hilly South China

Stand age rather than soil moisture gradient mainly regulates the compromise between plant growth and water use of Eucalyptus urophylla in hilly South China

Complex Above- and Below-Ground Growth Responses of Two Urban Tree Species Following Root, Stem, and Foliage Damage—An Experimental Approach

Plant topping effects on the yield and active ingredient content of rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema, and analysis of functional composition, Antioxidant Activity its Waste

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