Changes in visual recovery functions produced by temporal lobe stimulation in monkeys

Spinelli, D.N.; Pribram, Karl H.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(66)90139-8

Cited by 56 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In that experiment, the IT monkeys seemed to be impaired in sampling among several objects. Moreover, recent electrophysiological data suggest that IT cortex is selectively involved in the regulation of visual input [16], a role which is consistent with the present interpretation of deficits consequent to IT removal. However, there are behavioral findings [17,18] which appear to be at variance with the interpretation of the underlying disturbance offered here.…”

Section: Mean Trials To Discrimination Learning Criterion (Not Includsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effect of discrimination training on pattern equivalence in monkeys with inferotemporal and lateral striate lesions

Butter

1968

Neuropsychologia

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Monkeys with inferotemporal (IT) lesions, monkeys with lateral striate (LS) lesions and unoperated controls discriminated between two patterns and were tested for pattern equivalence in three experiments. The 1T monkeys appeared to utilize salient cues more than control animals did and failed to identify specific pattern features (exps. 1 and 2). When the salient cues were removed (exp. 3) the IT animals gave evidence of normally identifying configurational cues. While two LS monkeys showed deficits like those of the IT monkeys (exps. 1 and 2), they apparently did not identify configurational features (exp. 3). The findings suggest that IT lesions do not impair the capacity to identify visual features, but disrupt stimulus sampling or attentional processes.

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Section: Mean Trials To Discrimination Learning Criterion (Not Includsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effect of discrimination training on pattern equivalence in monkeys with inferotemporal and lateral striate lesions

Butter

1968

Neuropsychologia

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“…In this case, there may be a strong bottom-up processing path as in a passive system, but feedback signals from higher cortical levels can change processing in real time at lower levels (e.g., brainstem). An example of this would be the kind of observation made by Spinelli and Pribram (1966) in showing that electrical stimulation of the inferotemporal cortex changed the receptive field structure for lateral geniculate neurons or Moran and Desimone’s (1985) demonstration that spatial attentional cueing changes effective receptive fields in striate and extrastriate cortex. In either case, active processing places demands on the system’s limited cognitive resources in order to achieve cognitive and perceptual flexibility.…”

Section: Active and Passive Processesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Speech perception as an active cognitive process

Heald

Nusbaum

2014

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

156

103

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One view of speech perception is that acoustic signals are transformed into representations for pattern matching to determine linguistic structure. This process can be taken as a statistical pattern-matching problem, assuming realtively stable linguistic categories are characterized by neural representations related to auditory properties of speech that can be compared to speech input. This kind of pattern matching can be termed a passive process which implies rigidity of processing with few demands on cognitive processing. An alternative view is that speech recognition, even in early stages, is an active process in which speech analysis is attentionally guided. Note that this does not mean consciously guided but that information-contingent changes in early auditory encoding can occur as a function of context and experience. Active processing assumes that attention, plasticity, and listening goals are important in considering how listeners cope with adverse circumstances that impair hearing by masking noise in the environment or hearing loss. Although theories of speech perception have begun to incorporate some active processing, they seldom treat early speech encoding as plastic and attentionally guided. Recent research has suggested that speech perception is the product of both feedforward and feedback interactions between a number of brain regions that include descending projections perhaps as far downstream as the cochlea. It is important to understand how the ambiguity of the speech signal and constraints of context dynamically determine cognitive resources recruited during perception including focused attention, learning, and working memory. Theories of speech perception need to go beyond the current corticocentric approach in order to account for the intrinsic dynamics of the auditory encoding of speech. In doing so, this may provide new insights into ways in which hearing disorders and loss may be treated either through augementation or therapy.

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“…Electron microscopy demonstrated anatomically that the basolateral amygdala preferentially innervates spiny subiculum neurons, providing a possible synaptic mechanism underlying memory enhancement associated with emotions. Spinelli and Pribram (1966) demonstrated that processes, which delay recovery from afferent inputs, effectively discouple or inhibit input systems, while any parameter that enhances recovery effectively links input systems. Thus recovery or inhibition of synaptic neurotransmission is likely to be a central factor in the control of affective states.…”

Section: Architecture Of Nucleus Accumbens (Nacc)/ventral Striatummentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic Gating and ADHD: A Biological Theory of Comorbidity of ADHD and Anxiety

Lévy

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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To derive a biologically based theory of comorbidity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Theoretical concepts and empirical studies were reviewed to determine whether the behavioral inhibition concept provided an understanding of biological processes involved in comorbidity in ADHD. Empirical studies of ADHD have shown comorbidity of ADHD and anxiety, while studies of behavioral inhibition tend to suggest independent disruptive and anxiety traits. This paradox can be resolved by an understanding of the dynamics of mesolimbic dopamine (DA) systems, where reward and delay of reinforcement are determined by tonic/phasic DA relationships, resulting in impulsive 'fearless' responses when impaired. On the other hand, comorbid anxiety is related to impaired synaptic processes, which selectively gate fear (or aggressive) responses from the amygdala at the accumbens. Monosynaptic convergence between prefrontal, hippocampal, and amygdala projection neurons at the accumbens allows the operation of a synaptic gating mechanism between prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and amygdala. Impairment of this mechanism by lowered PFC inhibition allows greater amygdala input, and anxiety-related processes more impact, over the accumbens. In conclusion, a dual theory incorporating long-term tonic/phasic mesolimbic DA relationships and secondly impairment of PFC and hippocampal inputs to synaptic gating of anxiety at the accumbens has implications for comorbidity in ADHD, as well as for possible pharmacological interventions, utilizing either stimulant or axiolytic interventions. The use of DA partial agonists may also be of interest.

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Changes in visual recovery functions produced by temporal lobe stimulation in monkeys

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

The effect of discrimination training on pattern equivalence in monkeys with inferotemporal and lateral striate lesions

The effect of discrimination training on pattern equivalence in monkeys with inferotemporal and lateral striate lesions

Speech perception as an active cognitive process

Synaptic Gating and ADHD: A Biological Theory of Comorbidity of ADHD and Anxiety

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