Changes in urine 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels of super-marathon runners during a four-day race period

Radák, Zsolt; Pucsuk, József; Boros, Szilvia; Josfai, Lorand; Taylor, Albert W.

doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00499-9

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In fact, megadoses of vitamins may even impair immune function in athletes (Prasad, 1980). Although the cellular antioxidant mechanism adapts efficiently to acute and chronic exercise (Mena et al, 1991), extreme physical exercise causes oxidative damage to athletes, which is reflected by increases in plasma levels of malondialdehyde (Marzatico et al, 1997), urine 8-hydroxideoxyguanosine (Radak et al, 2000) and erythrocyte catalase activity (Tauler et al, 1999), which could relate to exercise-induced immunodepression. Vitamin C supplementation augmented the increase in lymphocyte counts after exercise (Petersen et al, 2001;Peters et al, 2001b), attenuated the serum cortisol increase in ultramarathon runners (Peters et al, 2001a, b;Nieman et al, 2002b) and attenuated the increases in inflammatory cytokines (Nieman et al, 1997b(Nieman et al, , 2000bPeters et al, 2001a, b), when ingested in doses greater than or equal to 1000 mg/day, but not on 500 mg/day.…”

Section: Antioxidants and Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2006

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Background: Heavy exercise induces marked immunodepression that is multifactorial in origin. Nutrition can modulate normal immune function. Objective: To assess the efficacy of nutritional supplements in exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes. Design: Systematic review. Review methods: Randomised and/or controlled trials of athletes undertaking nutritional supplements to minimise the immunodepression after exercise were retrieved. The primary outcome measure was incidence of upper respiratory tract (URT) illness symptoms after exercise, and secondary outcomes included cortisol, cell counts, plasma cytokine concentration, cell proliferative response, oxidative burst, natural killer cell activity and immunoglobulins. When data were available for a pooled estimate of the effect of intervention, meta-analyses were conducted for direct comparisons. Results: Forty-five studies were included (1603 subjects). The studies were heterogeneous in terms of exercise interventions, selection of athletes, settings and outcomes. The overall methodological quality of most of the trials was poor. Twenty studies addressed carbohydrate supplementation, eight glutamine, 13 vitamin C and four others interventions. Three trials assessed the effect of intervention on prevention of URT infections. The pooled rate ratio for URT infections after vitamin C supplementation against placebo was 0.49 (0.34-0.71). Carbohydrate supplementation attenuated the increase in cortisol and neutrophils after exercise; vitamin C attenuated the decrease in lymphocytes after exercise. No other interventions had significant or consistent effect on any of the studied outcomes. Conclusions: Although the prevention of URT infections by vitamin C was supported by two trials, further studies are needed. The available evidence failed to support a role for other nutritional supplements in preventing exercise-induced immune suppression. Larger trials with clinically relevant and uniform end points are necessary to clarify the role of these nutritional interventions.

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Section: Antioxidants and Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2006

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“…On the contrary, increased urinary 8-hydroxy-2 ¶-deoxyguanosine levels were detected 1 day after the start of a supra-marathon (4-day race), which declined on the fourth day of running. The authors suggested that repeated extreme exercise leads to an adaptation and normalization of oxidative DNA damage (21). Due to the significantly elevated level of DNA damage 1 day following a half marathon, Niess et al (19) proposed that intense endurance exercise induced DNA damage is caused by reactive oxygen species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the studies were based on single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assays and on the determination of urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2 ¶-deoxyguanosine (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Investigations concerning the effect of physical activity on the micronuclei frequency, which are formed as a consequence of chromosome breakage and chromosome loss (22), are still limited and the data are controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Acute and Persistent DNA Damage after an Ironman Triathlon

Reichhold

Neubauer

Ehrlich

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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During acute and strenuous exercise, the enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species can induce damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an Ironman triathlon (3.8 km swim, 180 km cycle, 42 km run), as a prototype of ultra-endurance exercise, on DNA stability. As biomarkers of genomic instability, the number of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds were measured within the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in once-divided peripheral lymphocytes of 20 male triathletes. Blood samples were taken 2 days before, within 20 min after the race, and 5 and 19 days post-race. Overall, the number of micronuclei decreased (P < 0.05) after the race, remained at a low level until 5 days post-race, and declined further to 19 days post-race (P < 0.01). The frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds did not change immediately after the triathlon. The number of nucleoplasmic bridge declined from 2 days pre-race to 19 days post-exercise (P < 0.05). The frequency of nuclear buds increased after the triathlon, peaking 5 days post-race (P < 0.01) and decreased to basic levels 19 days after the race (P < 0.01). The results suggest that an Ironman triathlon does not cause longlasting DNA damage in well-trained athletes. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):1913 -9)

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“…Thus, although the cellular antioxidant mechanism adapts efficiently to exercise, extreme physical exercise causes oxidative damage to athletes, which may be associated with immune alterations (128)(129)(130) .…”

Section: Endurance Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, immunity and infection

et al. 2010

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During the last few decades, scientific evidence has confirmed a wide range of health benefits related to regular physical activity. How physical activity affects the immune function and infection risk is, however, still under debate. Commonly, intensive exercise suppresses the activity and levels of several immune cells, while other immune functions may be stimulated by moderate physical activity. With this knowledge, the understanding of the relationship between different levels of physical activity on the immune function has been raised as a potential tool to protect health not only in athletes but also in the general population; the mechanisms that translate a physically active lifestyle into good health continue to be investigated. Reviewing the literature, although several outcomes (i.e. the mechanisms by which different levels and duration of physical activity programmes affect numerous cell types and responses) remain unclear, given that the additional benefits encompass healthy habits including exercise, the use of physical activity programmes may result in improved health of elderly populations. Moderate physical activity or moderate–regulated training may enhance the immune function mainly in less fit subjects or sedentary population and the pre-event fitness status also seems to be an important individual factor regarding this relationship. Although adequate nutrition and regular physical activity habits may synergistically improve health, clinical trials in athletes using nutritional supplements to counteract the immune suppression have been inconclusive so far.Further research is necessary to find out to what extent physical activity training can exert an effect on the immune function.

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Changes in urine 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels of super-marathon runners during a four-day race period

Cited by 74 publications

References 15 publications

Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

No Acute and Persistent DNA Damage after an Ironman Triathlon

Physical activity, immunity and infection

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