Changes in tissue composition associated with mammary gland growth during lactation in sows.

Kim, Sung Woo; Hurley, W.L.; Han, In K.; Easter, R. A.

doi:10.2527/1999.7792510x

Cited by 104 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…During lactation, the sow requires energy and nutrients for maintenance and milk production. Mammary gland growth is very limited during lactation (Kim et al, 1999), and the energy and nutrient requirement for mammary growth was, therefore, ignored in the model. The ME requirement (MJ ME) for maintenance and milk were calculated by equations in Table 1 (equations 1 to 7), and parameters for the Strathe, Strathe, Theil, Hansen and Kebreab equations are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Strathe

Theil

Hansen

et al. 2015

Animal

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Determination of appropriate nutritional requirements is essential to optimize the productivity and longevity of lactating sows. The current recommendations for requirements do not consider the large variation between animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the amino acid recommendations for lactating sows using a stochastic modeling approach that integrates population variation and uncertainty of key parameters into establishing nutritional recommendations for lactating sows. The requirement for individual sows was calculated using a factorial approach by adding the requirement for maintenance and milk. The energy balance of the sows was either negative or zero depending on feed intake being a limiting factor. Some parameters in the model were sow-specific and others were population-specific, depending on state of knowledge. Each simulation was for 1000 sows repeated 100 times using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. BW, back fat thickness of the sow, litter size (LS), average litter gain (LG), dietary energy density and feed intake were inputs to the model. The model was tested using results from the literature, and the values were all within ±1 s.d. of the estimated requirements. Simulations were made for a group of low-(LS = 10 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)), medium-(LS = 12 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) and high-producing (LS = 14 (s.d. = 1), LG = 3.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) sows, where the average requirement was the result. In another simulation, the requirements were estimated for each week of lactation. The results were given as the median and s.d. The average daily standardized ileal digestible (SID) protein and lysine requirements for low-, medium-and high-producing sows were 623 (CV = 2.5%) and 45.1 (CV = 4.8%); 765 (CV = 4.9%) and 54.7 (CV = 7.0%); and 996 (CV = 8.5%) and 70.8 g/day (CV = 9.6%), respectively. The SID protein and lysine requirements were lowest at week 1, intermediate at week 2 and 4 and the highest at week 3 of lactation. The model is a valuable tool to develop new feeding strategies by taking into account the variable requirement between groups of sows and changes during lactation. The inclusion of between-sow variation gives information on safety margins when developing new dietary recommendations of amino acids and protein for lactating sows.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Strathe

Theil

Hansen

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…90% at the beginning of pregnancy [181] to ca. 45% at the end of lactation [182]. In multiparous dairy cows the change in proportion of fat pad and epithelial tissue is limited with small fluctuations around ca.…”

Section: Unbiased Transcriptome: Novel Findings On Mammary Protein Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Protein Synthesis in the Lactating Mammary Gland: Insights from Transcriptomics Analyses

Bionaz¹,

Hurley²,

Loor³

2012

Milk Protein

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“…Many techniques have been used to estimate the development and production of the mammary complex, for example, cross-sectional area (Kim et al, 1999), individual and collective weight of mammary glands (Ji et al, 2005), and amount of parenchymal DNA and RNA . However, to use any one of these techniques, it is necessary to slaughter the sow and dissect the mammary tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing colostrum yield by sows

Machado

Otto

Bernardi

et al. 2016

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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An adequate colostrum intake, in order to ensure the survival and weight gain of piglets, depends on the sow's ability to produce enough colostrum for the whole litter. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors involved in colostrum yield (CY) variability related to the sow, the litter and the farrowing process. The experiment was conducted with 96 Camborough 25® sows of parities one to seven, whose farrowing was spontaneous. Colostrum production of each sow was estimated by summing up the colostrum intake of each piglet in the litter, estimated by an equation that takes into account the birth weight and weight gain during the first 24h of life. The multiple regression model explained 28% of variation in CY, with 24% and 4% respectively of variation being explained by the litter birth weight and the width of the first mammary glands. Litter birth weight was positively correlated with the number of total born (r= 0.73) and born alive piglets (r= 0.83). When categorised into two groups of colostrum yield (LOWCY; ≤3.4kg; n= 46 vs HIGHCY; >3.4kg; n= 50), LOWCY sows had fewer total born and born alive piglets and lighter litters (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that sows from parities 1, 2 and >3 had greater odds (P≤0.05) of belonging to the LOWCY group than parity 3 sows. Sows with two or more obstetrical interventions had higher odds (P<0.05) of belonging to the LOWCY group than sows without interventions during farrowing. The higher colostrum yield observed in sows of parity 3 and sows with less than two obstetrical interventions during farrowing was associated with a greater number of nursed piglets. This study showed that total birth weight of born alive piglets is the most important factor involved in colostrum yield variability, indirectly representing the number of piglets nursed by the sow.Keywords: litter weight, parity, obstetrical interventions RESUMO Um consumo adequado de colostro, para assegurar a sobrevivência e o ganho de peso, dos leitões, depende da capacidade da porca em produzir colostro suficiente para toda a leitegada. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar fatores relacionados com a porca, com a leitegada ou com o parto que possam influenciar a produção de colostro (PC). O experimento foi conduzido com 96 porcas Camborough 25, de ordem de parto (OP) 1 a 7, cujo parto foi espontâneo. A produção de colostro das porcas foi estimada pela soma do consumo individual de colostro pelos leitões, o qual foi estimado por equação que considera o peso ao nascimento e o ganho de peso nas primeiras 24h de vida. Por meio de modelo de regressão múltipla, 28% da variação na PC foi explicada pelo peso da leitegada (24%) e pela largura do primeiro par de glândulas mamárias (4%). O peso da leitegada foi positivamente correlacionado com o número total de leitões nascidos (r= 0.73) e com o número de leitões nascidos vivos (r= 0.83). Quando separadas em dois grupos de PC (BAIXAPC;≤3

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Changes in tissue composition associated with mammary gland growth during lactation in sows.

Cited by 104 publications

References 27 publications

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Milk Protein Synthesis in the Lactating Mammary Gland: Insights from Transcriptomics Analyses

Factors influencing colostrum yield by sows

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