Changes in the third metacarpal bone and frequency of bone injuries in young quarter horses during race training - observations and theoretical considerations

Nielsen, B.D.; Potter, G.D.; Morris, E.L.; Odom, T.W.; Senor, D.M.; Reynolds, JA; Smith, W. B.; Martin, Michael T.

doi:10.1016/s0737-0806(97)80227-4

Cited by 55 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Der Beginn eines intensiven Trainings ist häufig bei noch I. Vervuert et al Pferdeheilkunde 21 443 wachsenden Pferden mit einer temporären Abnahme der optischen Knochendichte verbunden, wohingegen längerfri-stig das Training einen Anstieg in Knochendichte und -masse hervorrufen kann (Nielsen et al 1997, Porr et al 1997, Nielsen et al 1998. Die Abnahme der Knochendichte zu Beginn des Trainings (Tiefpunkt 60.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…Die Abnahme der Knochendichte zu Beginn des Trainings (Tiefpunkt 60. Tag nach Trainingsbeginn) bei 18monate alten Quarter Horses wurde von einem parallelen Abfall der Osteocalcinkonzentration im Serum, einem Syntheseprodukt der Osteoblasten während der Matrixmineralisation, sowie einem erhöhten Verletzungsrisiko des Skelettsystems der Pferde begleitet (Nielsen et al 1997 (Mäenpää et al 1988, Hoekstra et al 1999. Nielsen et al (1998) (Dahlkamp 2003).…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…Unter diesen Umständen konnte in zahlreichen Studien belegt werden, dass es in den ersten Trainingswochen zu einer temporären Abnahme der Knochendichte kommt (Nielsen et al 1997, Porr et al 1997, Nielsen et al 1998 (Ristelli und Ristelli 1993, Seibel et al 1993, Lepage et al 2001. So konnte z.B.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Changes in bone markers and intact PTH in blood during a common training programme for three-day eventing horses

Vervuert¹,

Lange²,

Winkelstett³

et al. 2005

PHK

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Changes in bone markers and intact PTH in blood during a common training programme for three-day eventing horsesThis study was conducted to monitor calcium and bone metabolism during a common training programme for three-day eventing horses. Ten horses were used in this study which consisted of an 18-week training programme (build-up period: weeks 2 -6; technique training period: weeks 9 -12; endurance training period: weeks 15 -18). In the course of the endurance training period, the horses were divided into a dressage group and a mountain climbing group. In addition to the common training programme, the mountain climbing group was trained on a hill with a 5% incline, while the other group performed a typical dressage training. In addition to the training under field conditions, the horses had to perform several standardised exercise tests (SET) on a high-speed treadmill (SET 1: beginning of training period, SET 2: weeks 7 -8, SET 3: weeks 13 -14, SET 4: end of training programme). Blood samples for intact PTH, osteocalcin, ICTP (crosslinked C-telopeptide of type I collagen), total calcium (Ca G ), ionised Ca ++ and inorganic phosphorus (P i ) were collected weekly and immediately before and after SETs. Baseline osteocalcin levels dropped significantly during weeks 5 -7 (build-up period, SET 2), but increased again in the course of the following training programme. No differences in plasma osteocalcin were noted between the dressage group and mountain climbing group during the endurance training period. Moderate, but insignificant changes were noted in plasma ICTP concentrations. Intact PTH increased continuously until the end of the technique training period (P < 0.05), but dropped again in the course of the endurance training phase in both groups (P < 0.05). The development of blood Ca ++ and P i differed, as blood Ca ++ dropped significantly in weeks 10 -12, while P i increased from baseline values of 0.7 mmol/L to 1.1 mmol/L (P < 0.05). Ca G concentrations did not change until the 11th week of training, but decreased at this time without any differences between the two groups. During SETs the drop in blood Ca ++ was accompanied by a rise in intact PTH and P i (SET 3 and SET 4). The development of bone markers in adult Warmblood horses during training was similar to that of juvenile racehorses. The drop in plasma osteocalcin may have been the result of a transient decrease in osteoblastic activity at the beginning of the training period. Consequently, the decrease in osteocalcin might reflect a higher risk for skeletal injuries during early stage of training. Furthermore, our results suggest that intact PTH is a mediator in the counter-regulation of exercise-induced hypocalcaemia without training-related effects.

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Section: Diskussionunclassified

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Changes in bone markers and intact PTH in blood during a common training programme for three-day eventing horses

Vervuert¹,

Lange²,

Winkelstett³

et al. 2005

PHK

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“…Com freqüência, a primeira noção da resistência do esqueleto é alcançada quando surge uma lesão, ficando, então, evidente a fragilidade óssea do animal (NIELSEN et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Valores normais da densidade mineral óssea do acessório do carpo em eqüinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) determinados por meio da densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica

et al. 2005

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“…The measurement of changes in BMC with training are important for the evaluation of the training effect on the skeleton and growth. The BMC immediately below the central nutritional foramen of McIII has been reported to be related to bone disorders [14], and evaluation of changes in BMC is considered to be important for safer training.BMC measurement methods are roughly divided into those using X-rays and those using ultrasound. In the X-ray irradiation methods, radiographs are read using a densitometer, and this method is called radiographic absorptiometry (RA).…”

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Measurement of Equine Bone Mineral Content by Radiographic Absorptiometry Using CR and Ortho Systems

Kobayashi

Ando

Kaneko

et al. 2006

JES

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The purpose of this investigation was to establish the accuracy and precision of bone mineral content (BMC) measurements made by the total radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE) method in the evaluationThe young Thoroughbred starts hard training in the growth period, targeting races that start at 2 years of age. During this period, bone metabolism is affected by both growth and training, and elevation of bone remodeling increases the BMC and grows the bones [1,4,5,19]. The measurement of changes in BMC with training are important for the evaluation of the training effect on the skeleton and growth. The BMC immediately below the central nutritional foramen of McIII has been reported to be related to bone disorders [14], and evaluation of changes in BMC is considered to be important for safer training.BMC measurement methods are roughly divided into those using X-rays and those using ultrasound. In the X-ray irradiation methods, radiographs are read using a densitometer, and this method is called radiographic absorptiometry (RA). There are micro densitometry (MD) [7], digital image processing (DIP) [6], and computed X-ray densitometry (CXD) [9] which use different densitometric methods. There are also single X-ray [photon] [8] are mainly used. The RBAE method is a type of RA, and it has been reported to take a short time for measurement, requires no general anesthesia or sedation, costs less than other methods and is non-

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Changes in the third metacarpal bone and frequency of bone injuries in young quarter horses during race training - observations and theoretical considerations

Cited by 55 publications

References 27 publications

Changes in bone markers and intact PTH in blood during a common training programme for three-day eventing horses

Changes in bone markers and intact PTH in blood during a common training programme for three-day eventing horses

Valores normais da densidade mineral óssea do acessório do carpo em eqüinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) determinados por meio da densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica

Measurement of Equine Bone Mineral Content by Radiographic Absorptiometry Using CR and Ortho Systems

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