Changes in the Isotopic Signature of Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide and Its Global Average Source During the Last Three Millennia

Prokopiou, M.; Sapart, Célia; Rosen, Jean; Sperlich, Peter; Blunier, Thomas; Brook, Edward J.; Wal, R. S. W. van de; Röckmann, T.

doi:10.1029/2018jd029008

Cited by 18 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…The d 15 N(N2O) data from the NEEM ice core (Prokopiou et al, 2018) are in general agreement with our data set measured at the University of Bern based on Greenland (NGRIP) and Antarctic (EDML, Talos Dome) ice cores. However, our data show rather constant nitrogen isotopic signatures around +9 ‰ to +10 ‰ over the time interval 3.3-0.2 ka BP, i.e., significantly 20 less scatter than the data by Prokopiou et al (2018).…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

“…Reconstructions from the high-accumulation Law Dome drill site offer the best connection with the current atmospheric measurements (Etheridge et al, 1988;Francey et al, 1999). The Law Dome Greenland NEEM ice core (Prokopiou et al, 2018), which however shows negative outliers compared to our record. These are especially pronounced in NEEM ice core samples prior to 2000 BP with N2O concentrations as low as 240 ppb.…”

contrasting

confidence: 63%

“…These are especially pronounced in NEEM ice core samples prior to 2000 BP with N2O concentrations as low as 240 ppb. Note that the data by Prokopiou et al (2018) are based on a dry extration technique which does not ensure 100 % extraction efficiency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our new compilation based on Greenland 5 (NGRIP) and Antarctic (EDC, EDML, Talos Dome) ice cores consistently shows concentrations of 265-270 ppb in this time interval, similar to what is found during preindustrial times. In view of the good agreement of several Greenland and Antarctic ice cores and the better data resolution in our record, we decided not to use the NEEM samples by Prokopiou et al (2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) capturing the recent anthropogenic perturbation (Park et al, 2012). The recent study by Prokopiou et al (2018) also provides d 15 N(N2O) and d 18 O(N2O) data prior to the preindustrial period from the NEEM ice core (Fig. 3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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N2O changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial – Part I: Quantitative reconstruction of terrestrial and marine emissions using N2O stable isotopes in ice cores

Fischer¹,

Schmitt²,

Bock³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Using high precision and centennial resolution ice core information on atmospheric nitrous oxide concentrations and its stable nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition, we quantitatively reconstruct changes in the terrestrial and marine N2O emissions over the last 21,000 years. We show that N2O emissions from land and ocean increased largely in parallel by 1.7 ± 0.3 TgN yr−1 and 0.7 ± 0.3 TgN yr−1 over the deglaciation, respectively. However, during the abrupt Northern Hemisphere warmings at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød and the end of the Younger Dryas, terrestrial emissions respond more rapidly to the northward shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone connected to the resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. 90 % of these large step increases were realized within maximum two centuries. In contrast, marine emissions start to slowly increase already many centuries before the rapid warmings, possibly connected to a re-equilibration of subsurface oxygen in response to previous changes. Marine emissions decreased, concomitantly with changes in atmospheric CO2 and δ13C(CO2), at the onset of the termination and remained minimal during the early phase of Heinrich Stadial 1. During the early Holocene a slow decline in marine N2O emission of 0.4 TgN yr−1 is reconstructed, suggesting an improvement of subsurface water ventilation in line with slowly increasing Atlantic overturning circulation. In the second half of the Holocene total emissions remain on a relatively constant level, however with significant millennial variability which is currently still difficult to attribute to marine or terrestrial sources. Our N2O emission records provide important quantitative benchmarks for ocean and terrestrial nitrogen cycle models to study the influence of climate on nitrogen turnover on time scales from several decades to glacial/interglacial changes.

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confidence: 87%

contrasting

confidence: 63%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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N2O changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial – Part I: Quantitative reconstruction of terrestrial and marine emissions using N2O stable isotopes in ice cores

Fischer¹,

Schmitt²,

Bock³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Influence of sample volume on nitrate N and O isotope ratio analyses with the denitrifier method

Zhou

Granger

Chang

2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Analyses of the isotope ratios of nitrogen (15N/14N) and oxygen (18O/16O) in nitrate (NO3−) with the denitrifier method require relatively high sample volumes at low concentrations (≤1 μM) to afford sufficient analyte for mass spectrometry, resulting in isotopic offsets compared to more concentrated samples of the same isotopic composition. Methods To uncover the origins of isotopic offsets, we analyzed the N and O isotope ratios of NO3− reference materials spanning concentrations of 0.5–20 μM. We substantiated the incidence of volume‐dependent isotopic offsets, then investigated whether they resulted from (a) incomplete sample recovery during N2O sparging, (b) blanks – bacterial, atmospheric, or in reference material solutions – and (c) oxygen atom exchange with water during the bacterial conversion of NO3− to N2O. Results Larger sample volumes resulted in modest offsets in δ15N, but substantial offsets in δ18O. N2O recovery from sparging was less complete at higher volumes, resulting in decreases in δ15N and δ18O due to associated isotope fractionation. Blanks increased detectably with volume, whereas oxygen atom exchange with water remained constant within batch analyses, being sensitive to neither sample volume nor salinity. The sizeable offsets in δ18O with volume are only partially explained by the factors considered in our analysis. Conclusions Our observations argue for bracketing of NO3− samples with reference materials that emulate sample volumes (concentrations) to achieve improved measurement accuracy and foster inter‐comparability.

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Variations of Stable Isotope Ratios in Nature

Hoefs¹

2021

Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment

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Changes in the Isotopic Signature of Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide and Its Global Average Source During the Last Three Millennia

Cited by 18 publications

References 74 publications

N<sub>2</sub>O changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial – Part I: Quantitative reconstruction of terrestrial and marine emissions using N<sub>2</sub>O stable isotopes in ice cores

N<sub>2</sub>O changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial – Part I: Quantitative reconstruction of terrestrial and marine emissions using N<sub>2</sub>O stable isotopes in ice cores

Influence of sample volume on nitrate N and O isotope ratio analyses with the denitrifier method

Variations of Stable Isotope Ratios in Nature

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Changes in the Isotopic Signature of Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide and Its Global Average Source During the Last Three Millennia

Cited by 18 publications

References 74 publications

N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial – Part I: Quantitative reconstruction of terrestrial and marine emissions using N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O stable isotopes in ice cores

N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial – Part I: Quantitative reconstruction of terrestrial and marine emissions using N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O stable isotopes in ice cores

Influence of sample volume on nitrate N and O isotope ratio analyses with the denitrifier method

Variations of Stable Isotope Ratios in Nature

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N<sub>2</sub>O changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial – Part I: Quantitative reconstruction of terrestrial and marine emissions using N<sub>2</sub>O stable isotopes in ice cores

N<sub>2</sub>O changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial – Part I: Quantitative reconstruction of terrestrial and marine emissions using N<sub>2</sub>O stable isotopes in ice cores