Changes in the haemostatic system after thermoneutral and hyperthermic water immersion

Boldt, Leif‐Hendrik; Fraszl, Waltraud; Röcker, L.; Schefold, Joerg C.; Steinach, Mathias; Noack, Thilo; Gunga, Hanns‐Christian

doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0620-7

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Specifically, the PT is shortened if there is an increase in factor II, V, VII, X and/or fibrinogen [29]. The shortened PT may also be related to the increased body temperature [4]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variation of Haemostatic Response to Exercise in Young Sedentary Males

Siahkouhian¹,

Khodadadi²,

Bolboli³

2013

Biol Sport

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The aim of this study was to evaluate diurnal variations in the haemostatic response to submaximal exercise performed by young, sedentary men. Fifteen healthy young sedentary males aged 25.6 ± 1.34 (mean ± SD) years performed two exercise sessions, morning and evening, at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption (V.O2max) on a cycle ergometer for 30 min. Platelet count (PC), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity were measured as dependent variables. Exercise produced significant increases in PC and fibrinogen for both sessions (P ≤ 0.05), which returned to the resting values after recovery only in the evening session. APTT and PT shortened immediately after exercise, which remained after recovery for both sessions (P ≤ 0.01). Exercise presented significant increases in tPA activity (P ≤ 0.001), which returned to the baseline after recovery in both exercises. PAI-1 activity was significantly higher during the morning than evening (P ≤ 0.05), but no longer demonstrated exercise-related changes. It was found that exercise caused activation of both coagulation and fibrinolysis processes, partly related to the time of the day when the exercise was performed.

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“…Specifically, the PT is shortened if there is an increase in factor II, V, VII, X and/or fibrinogen [29]. The shortened PT may also be related to the increased body temperature [4]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variation of Haemostatic Response to Exercise in Young Sedentary Males

Siahkouhian¹,

Khodadadi²,

Bolboli³

2013

Biol Sport

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“…Forty-five minutes of TN HOWI followed by warm water immersion at 41 • C caused an immediate decrease of plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity concentration decreased immediately. These observation suggest that warm HOWI leads to hemoconcentration and minimal activation of coagulation, implying increased risk of thrombotic activity (32).…”

Section: Head-out Water Immersion In Warm Watermentioning

confidence: 98%

Human Physiology in an Aquatic Environment

Pendergast

Moon

Krasney

et al. 2015

Comprehensive Physiology

134

137

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Water covers over 70% of the earth, has varying depths and temperatures and contains much of the earth's resources. Head-out water immersion (HOWI) or submersion at various depths (diving) in water of thermoneutral (TN) temperature elicits profound cardiorespiratory, endocrine, and renal responses. The translocation of blood into the thorax and elevation of plasma volume by autotransfusion of fluid from cells to the vascular compartment lead to increased cardiac stroke volume and output and there is a hyperperfusion of some tissues. Pulmonary artery and capillary hydrostatic pressures increase causing a decline in vital capacity with the potential for pulmonary edema. Atrial stretch and increased arterial pressure cause reflex autonomic responses which result in endocrine changes that return plasma volume and arterial pressure to preimmersion levels. Plasma volume is regulated via a reflex diuresis and natriuresis. Hydrostatic pressure also leads to elastic loading of the chest, increasing work of breathing, energy cost, and thus blood flow to respiratory muscles. Decreases in water temperature in HOWI do not affect the cardiac output compared to TN; however, they influence heart rate and the distribution of muscle and fat blood flow. The reduced muscle blood flow results in a reduced maximal oxygen consumption. The properties of water determine the mechanical load and the physiological responses during exercise in water (e.g. swimming and water based activities). Increased hydrostatic pressure caused by submersion does not affect stroke volume; however, progressive bradycardia decreases cardiac output. During submersion, compressed gas must be breathed which introduces the potential for oxygen toxicity, narcosis due to nitrogen, and tissue and vascular gas bubbles during decompression and after may cause pain in joints and the nervous system.

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“…During the time after injury, the patient did not practice any exercises. In the literature, there are some observations of physically active patients with deep venous thrombosis [5,18]. A repeatedmeasures cohort study, conducted on 41 subjects indicated that exercise did not acutely exacerbate post-thrombotic symptoms and, in subjects with PTS, effected in improved flexibility in the affected leg [5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientists conclude that training may help prevent or improve the post-thrombotic syndrome, as early walking exercise was safe in patients with acute DVT and helped lower acute symptoms [4]. Regular sport practice also reduced the risk of DVT recurrence in patients [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calf strain resulting in deep venous thrombosis – a case study

Tomczyńska‐Mleko¹,

Żukiewicz-Sobczak²,

Mleko³

et al. 2014

J Pre Clin Clin Res.

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Introduction. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the leg is a frequent clinical problem that afflicts thousands of people each year. However, little is known about DVT formation after muscle injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate an unusual case of DVT in Polish male patient and assess the risks factors for DVT. Methods. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed in a patient by compressions ultrasound with Doppler; atrial fibrillation was verified with electrocardiography. All standard risk factors were also assessed in examination of the medical and social history of patient. Results. The study showed that a recent major trauma, atrial fibrillation, air travel ('economy class syndrome'), vigorous exercise, and warm water bathing were the probable factors for developing thrombosis in the patient. There was no recanalization of the affected venous segments after 24 days follow-up period. Conclusions. This case study supports the opinion that careful verifying, medical and social history and clinical reasoning in all patients with limb pain are very important in good assessment of thrombosis, as in even young, apparently healthy patients, thromboembolism can occur. Failure of the physician to recognize a vascular injury can elicit many complications and even cause sudden death. It is especially important in rural areas because farm work increases risks of legs injuries.

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Changes in the haemostatic system after thermoneutral and hyperthermic water immersion

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

Diurnal Variation of Haemostatic Response to Exercise in Young Sedentary Males

Diurnal Variation of Haemostatic Response to Exercise in Young Sedentary Males

Human Physiology in an Aquatic Environment

Calf strain resulting in deep venous thrombosis – a case study

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