Changes in the geographical distribution of youth poverty and social exclusion in EU member countries between 2008 and 2017

Abstract

With respect to the fulfillment of the objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy, the threat of poverty and social exclusion has not been sufficiently reduced in the European Union (EU) over the past decade, and large regional disparities persist. Young people are the most affected by the problems of income poverty, material deprivation and labour market exclusion, which are the three dimensions of poverty and social exclusion. In this article, we focus on comparing the EU countries in terms of the three listed dimensions, while revealing similarities and differences in the incidence and severity of these social phenomena among youth. In addition to measuring dimensions by the currently used AROPE (at risk of poverty or social exclusion) rate, we also use a larger spectrum of relevant indicators for a more comprehensive analysis. While the AROPE aggregate indicator uses the same methodology for the population of young people as for the whole population, our approach includes indicators that are specific to young people. We assume that all dimensions affect each other, so we apply multidimensional statistical methods such as principal components and cluster analysis to analyse them. These methods have revealed that some dimensions affect poverty and social exclusion to a greater extent and others to a lesser extent than might appear to be the case, based on AROPE’s partial rates. Moreover, we present quantified integral indicators that together with the results of the multivariate methods, provide a rather complex picture concerning the geographical distribution of poverty and social exclusion, as well as their dimensions in the EU, for the population of persons aged 18–24 years in 2008 and 2017.

The influence of Slovak consumer lifestyle on purchasing behaviour in the consumption of organic food

“…The covid era has put more emphasis on the pressure for sustainable health development in society and on the need for a healthy lifestyle. Also in Slovakia, there is an increasing appeal for improvement in this area Kalabay, 2009, Solt es andVojtkov a, 2018;Sem anov a et al, 2019, Solt es et al, 2020. This study could contribute to answering what changes need to be introduced in the retail and marketing of organic food.…”

“…The covid era has put more emphasis on the pressure for sustainable health development in society and on the need for a healthy lifestyle. Also in Slovakia, there is an increasing appeal for improvement in this area (Rurik and Kalabay, 2009, Šoltés and Vojtková, 2018; Semánová et al ., 2019, Šoltés et al. , 2020).…”

Exploration of poverty and social exclusion of Slovak population via contrast analysis associated with logit models

“…We agree with Ravallion ( 2011 ), who states that the goal of future efforts in poverty monitoring should be to create a set of more, reliable indices covering the poverty dimensions and not one multidimensional index. A weakness of the AROPE approach is also the fact that it does not consider the depth of the individual phenomena, which may distort the impact of dimensions on social exclusion, as pointed out in the case of young persons by Šoltés et al ( 2020 ). The paper follows the original AROPE concept, which is also used in the EU-SILC 2020 database, although the methodology for measuring SMD is not entirely appropriate.…”

European Union and its progress towards affordable and clean energy in context of the Agenda 2030

“…The most benefit of the chosen methods are the reduction of the dimension of the analyzed dataset, the solution of collinearity problem among the SDG 7 indicators and the identification of the structures within the analyzed dataset. Cluster analysis (CA) is a useful method for a multivariate analysis that identifies structures within the analyzed dataset [ 33 ]. For grouping objects, in our case EU countries, of similar kind into categories different algorithms and methods can be used.…”