Changes in the Contents of Prosapogenin in the Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Depending on Steaming Batches

Abstract

This study compared the contents of ginsenosides depending on steaming conditions of red ginsengs to provide basic information for developing functional foods using red ginsengs. The red ginseng steamed eight times at 98℃ ranked atop the amounts of prosapogenins ever detected in red ginsengs (ginsenoside Rg2, Rg3, Rg5, Rg6, Rh1, Rh4, Rk1, Rk3, F1, F4, 1.15%) among red ginsengs steamed more than twice. When steamed eight times at 98℃, 2.7 times as much prosapogenins such as ginsenosides Rg2, Rg3, Rg5, Rg6, Rh1, Rh4, Rk1, Rk3, F1, and F4 as those steamed just once at 98℃ was collected. In addition, the red ginsengs steamed eight times at 98℃ contained more amounting ginsenoside Rg3 (0.28%) than that in the red ginseng steamed several times at random. Accordingly, it is recommendable that red ginsengs steamed 8 times, which proved to be the optimal steaming condition, be used rather than those steamed 9 times (black ginsengs), in order to develop red ginseng products of high prosapogenin concentration and high functions.

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis for Steaming Times-dependent Profiling of Steamed Panax quinquefolius and Its Ginsenosides Transformations Induced by Repetitious Steaming

“…may also affect the chemical profiles of ginseng. With the comparison of ginsengs steamed for 2 to 3 times, dried by sunlight [16-18,35] or puffed by high pressure [36], ginsengs undergone 9 cycles of steaming undoubtedly possessed more ginsenosides of low polarity. What’s more, the starch molecules in the ginseng tissue were gradually changed from sol state to gel state in the BAG preparatory process, which made BAG easier to be absorbed by human body.…”

Changes in ginsenoside composition of ginseng berry extracts after a microwave and vinegar process

“…All the process was performed quantitatively. The amount of the concentrate was equivalent to that of crude saponin [7].…”

“…Ginsenoside composition of the concentrate was analyzed with HPLC according to the method of Lee et al [7]. The total ginsenoside content and ginsenoside composition of each sample were analyzed three times.…”

“…As for ginsenoside Rg6 [7], another product of thermo-hydrolysis, MGB-20 topped the list of contents with 0.45%, followed by MGB-30 (0.38%) and MGB-5 (0.29%). On the other hand, ginseng berry extracts (MGB) showed a ginsenoside Rg6 content of 0.04%, a very low level.…”

A formulated red ginseng extract upregulates CHOP and increases TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

“…Meyer, is a functional food and dietary supplement consumed worldwide and is used in traditional oriental medicine to increase energy and life expectancy. RGE has been reported to reduce fatigue and to possess antioxidant and antitumor activities (15)(16)(17). Ginseng has been reported to possess antioxidant, antistress and immunestimulating activities.…”