UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis for Steaming Times-dependent Profiling of Steamed Panax quinquefolius and Its Ginsenosides Transformations Induced by Repetitious Steaming

Abstract

The metabolic profiles of Panax quinquefolius and its associated therapeutic values are critically affected by the repetitious steaming times. The times-dependent steaming effect of P. quinquefolius is not well-characterized and there is also no official guideline on its times of steaming. In this paper, a UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method was developed for the qualitative profiling of multi-parametric metabolic changes of raw P. quinquefolius during the repetitious steaming process. Our method was successful in discriminating the differentially multi-steamed herbs. Meantime, the repetitious steaming-inducing chemical transformations in the preparation of black American ginseng (American ginseng that was subjected to 9 cycles of steaming treatment) were evaluated by this UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS based chemical profiling method. Under the optimized UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS conditions, 29 major ginsenosides were unambiguously identified and/or tentatively assigned in both raw and multi-steamed P. quinquefolius within 19 min, among them 18 ginsenosides were detected to be newly generated during the preparatory process of black American ginseng. The mechanisms involved were further deduced to be hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation and addition reactions of the original ginsenosides in raw P. quinquefolius through analyzing mimic 9 cycles of steaming extracts of 14 pure reference ginsenosides. Our novel steaming times-dependent metabolic profiling approach represents the paradigm shift in the global quality control of multi-steamed P. quinquefolius products.

Chemical Differentiation and Quality Evaluation of Commercial Asian and American Ginsengs based on a UHPLC–QTOF/MS/MS Metabolomics Approach

“…A total of 40 peaks was detected in the chromatograms. Among them, six components were unambiguously authenticated as ginsenosides Rg 1 , Re, 20( S )‐Rg 2 , Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rd by comparing the retention times, m/z values and fragment ions with those of the reference compounds: thirty‐four constituents were tentatively identified by comparing the data with the literature (Zhou et al ., ; Qi et al ., , ; Sun et al ., ; Li et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ). The results are listed in Table , and the chemical structures of the identified components are shown in Fig.…”

Identification and characterization of forced degradation products and stability‐indicating assay for notoginsenosidefc by using UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS and UHPLC‐MS/MS: Insights into stability profile and degradation pathways

“…These results suggested that DP43 and DP44 were formed by the loss of one molecule of H 2 O from GRh2 and 20(R)‐GRh2. DP43 and DP44 were speculated as ginsenoside Rk2 and 20(E)‐GRh3, respectively .…”

Metabolomic evaluation of ginsenosides distribution in Panax genus (Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius) using multivariate statistical analysis

“…MS/MS, ELSD) are used in comprehensive and reliable ginsenoside profiling and quantitation for various ginseng products [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Furthermore fingerprint technology can be applied as a powerful method, with metabolomics approach, for characterizing quality of ginseng products [14].…”