Changes in the cellular composition of the spleen and pronephros of carp Cyprinus carpio infected with the blood fluke Sanguinicola inermis Trematoda: Sanguimcolidae)

Changes in the interbranchial lymphoid tissue of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affected by amoebic gill disease

“…The number of lymphocytes in the pronephros of carp experimentally infected with blood fluke (Sanguinicola inermis) increased considerably with an increased number of adult flukes at 5 weeks post-exposure and with eggs at 9 weeks post-exposure. At 9 weeks post-exposure, however, the number of lymphocytes decreased significantly [22]. A similar pattern was found in the spleen, pronephros and mesonephros of carp maintained at 20 C and stimulated with an antigen (sheep red blood cells) [23].…”

“…The decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the ILT of AGD affected fish at 28 DPE was possibly caused by migration of lymphocytes from ILT to other sites of the gills, for example AGD lesions. Lower numbers of certain cells in the lymphoid organs have been suggested to be related to the migration of these cells out of these organs and into sites of inflammation [22]. Increased numbers of immune cells have been found at the site of AGD lesions [16,24,25].…”

Stimulation of carp Cyprinus carpio lymphocytes in vitro by the blood fluke Sanguinicola inermis (Trematoda:Sanguinicolidae)

“…It is suggested that at higher temperatures which prevail during the summer months, humoral immune responses, possibly mediated by pronephric lymphocytes, may be more important in the host response, whereas at lower temperatures non-specific responses, possibly mediated by T-cells in the spleen, may predominate. Richards et al (1994b) found no increases in numbers of lymphocytes in the spleen and pronephros of Infected c~l p di 5 5 wk p.i., but the present study indicated that Sanguinicola inermis can induce differential lymphocyte proliferation. It is still unclear whether or not the parasite induces an antigen-specific antibody response.…”

“…At 1O0C, however, lymphocytes from both the spleen and pronephros were stimulated, but to a significantly lesser degree than those of the pronephros at 20°C. Previous observations on changes in the cellular composition of the lymphoid organs of Sanguinicola inermls-infected carp maintained at 20°C ha.ve found relatively few changes in the leucocyte composition of the spleen, whereas in the pronephros there were marked and significant increases of leucocytes, particularly neutrophils (Richards et al 1994b). Because the response of the pronephros was significantly greater than that of the spleen to both adult and cercarial extracts, particularly at 20°C, it is likely that the pronephros is more important in the immune response at higher temperatures, whilst the spleen, which responds to adult flukes at 10°C, may be of greater importance at lower temperatures.…”

Phagocytic and bactericidal activity of blood thrombocytes in carps (Cyprinus carpio)

“…Studies performed up to now have dealt, first of all, with qualitative and quantitative appraisal of the cells in healthy and sick fishes (Stosik, 1993;Pulsford et al, 1994;Richards et al, 1994;Klinger et al, 1996;van Erp et al, 1996;Fischer et al, 1998;Kozińska et al, 1999a, b;Matsuyama et al, 1999;Schutt et al, 1999;Stosik et al, 1999Stosik et al, , 2001Somamoto et al, 2000;Schuwerack et al, 2001). The qualitative appraisal has relied on microscopic techniques but also, which is worth stressing, on flow cytometry with the use of monoclonal antibodies (Romano et al, 1996;Rombout et al, 1996;Nakayasu et al, 1997Nakayasu et al, , 1998Kfoury et al, 1999;Esteban et al, 2000).…”