Changes in the biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters in STZ-Induced diabetic rats and the ameliorative effect of Kigelia africana fruit extract

Abstract

Background: Biochemical, hematological and histological changes are major observable clinical and pathological factors associated with Diabetes mellitus. Derangement in the levels of these parameters increases the risk of the development of complications. In another hand, gastrointestinal intolerance due to the development of lactic acidosis on the gastrointestinal tract and the intestinal microbiome is the toxic side effect of various synthetic antidiabetic agents. The use of Kigelia africana fruit extract for the treatment of diabetes has been scientifically validated. This study therefore aimed at investigating changes in the biochemical, hematological and histological parameters as well as the determination of the functional groups present in the hexane fraction of the fruit. Methods: The fruits were extracted with ethanol and partitioned with n-hexane to obtain the hexane fraction. Diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ) were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each and treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) hexane fraction alongside reference standard; glibenclamide. Fasting blood glucose levels and their body weights were monitored weekly. Animals were sacrificed at the end of 28-day treatment. Blood, liver, and kidney were collected for biochemical, hematological and histopathological analyses. Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis was carried out on the hexane fraction for functional group determination. Results: The hexane fraction of K. africana fruit extract decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels significantly with ameliorative effects on the hematological parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red blood cells (RBC) etc. There were significant regenerative differences in the biochemical activities as well as the renal cortex and midzone sections of the rat's kidney and liver when compared with untreated diabetic rats. The presence of polyphenolic functional groups via FTIR analysis suggested high antioxidant activities of the fruit extract. Conclusion:The use of Kigelia africana fruit extracts protects against biochemical, hematological and histological changes that are injurious to diabetic patients. Therefore, Kigelia africana fruit is a good hepatic-and nephroprotective agent and has a hemato-protective ability.

Diabetic complications and oxidative stress: The role of phenolic‐rich extracts of saw palmetto and date palm seeds

“…The control group was injected i.p with 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 4.5 buffer. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneally (i.p) injection of STZ (Sigma, UK) dissolved in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 4.5 at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 2 consecutive days (El‐Halawany, Barakat, Ghaly, & Ahmed, 2013; Fagbohun, Awoniran, Babalola, Agboola, & Msagati, 2020). Diabetes mellitus developed within 48 hr of STZ administration and was verified by measuring the glucose concentrations in blood samples obtained from rat tails using a glucometer.…”

Coffee intake (Coffea arabica L.) reduces advanced glycation end product (AGEs) formation and platelet aggregation in diabetic rats

“…The search for therapeutic plants for treating diabetes mellitus has been stimulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to low side effects from their prolonged and traditional use, in addition to being a low cost and significantly effective therapeutic alternative 44 .…”

“…Untreated chronic hyperglycemia leads to macro and microvascular diabetic complications. The progression of these complications triggers multiple renal, cardiac and hepatic disorders and, consequently, derangements in the biochemical, hematological and histological parameters that contribute to increase free radicals, associated with the pathophysiology of diabetes 44 .…”

Metabolome modulatory effects of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. fruit extracts on oxidative stress, hyperlipidaemic biomarkers in STZ-induced diabetic rats and antidiabetic effects in 3T3 L1 adipocytes

“…Medicinal plants that can effectively combat the menace of DM are expected to have secondary metabolites or phytochemicals ladened with high antioxidant activities. [26] From over 400 tradomedicinal plants that have been reported for the treatment of DM, [27,28] this study screened the hexane fraction of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth.…”

“…From over 400 tradomedicinal plants that have been reported for the treatment of DM, [ 27,28 ] this study screened the hexane fraction of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth.…”