Changes in the aetiological factors of dental trauma in children over time: An 18‐year retrospective study

Abstract

Background/Aim Dental trauma causes significant aesthetic, functional and psychosocial problems that often require emergency attention in children. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the factors related to dental injuries in children. A secondary aim was to better understand how to improve the education given to children, parents and teachers in schools regarding dental trauma. Materials and methods Records of children who were referred to the Department of Pedodontics at Suleyman Demirel University were reviewed. A total of 1971 patients with a history of dental trauma who attended the clinic from 1999 to 2017 were evaluated. The following information was recorded: age, gender, year, aetiology, location, season and time elapsed after trauma. Results were evaluated using the Pearson chi‑square test. Results The patients’ average age was 8.56 ± 0.08. Dental injuries were frequent in the 7‐ to 12‐year age group (55.9%). Children in the 0‐ to 6‐year age group attended the clinic more frequently during the years 2013 and 2017 compared to previous years. Boys had a higher frequency of trauma than girls (P < 0.05). The most frequent cause of trauma was falls (46%). The accidents occurred predominantly in the street (41.8%). Trauma that took place at home increased in the later years of the study period, whereas the percentage of injuries occurring in schools decreased. The ratio of patients who attended the clinic within the first two days after trauma was 33.4% between 1999 and 2007, and this increased to 59.8% between 2013 and 2017. The majority of the injuries occurred during the summer. Conclusions The aetiological factors related to trauma in children, and the number of patients who attended the clinic, have not changed over the 18‐year period but the elapsed time to attend the clinic has changed. Education will increase the awareness regarding the importance of emergency intervention immediately following dental trauma.

Web-based dental trauma database using Eden Baysal dental trauma index: a turkish multicenter study

“…The main causes for dental trauma in children are falls and injuries sustained during play. These findings are supported by some previous studies in the literature (9,10,15,16,28,37).…”

Clarifying the effect of refractive errors and stereopsis on traumatic dental injuries in childhood

“…Globally, TDIs are the most common type of head and face injuries seen in childhood 10 . Several studies that have examined the etiology of traumatic dental injuries in childhood and adolescence have shown that falls and crashes that occur during physical activities and sporting activities are among the main reasons 20‐22 . Several studies have investigated traumatic dental injuries and found correlations of varying degrees between dental injuries resulting from falls and orofacial region anatomy (eg, increased overjet and short frenulum), anthropometric measures (eg, obesity), behavioral structure (eg, hyperactivity, peer bullying, sleeping disorders), and certain drugs (eg, methylphenidate) 23‐32 .…”

“…10 Several studies that have examined the etiology of traumatic dental injuries in childhood and adolescence have shown that falls and crashes that occur during physical activities and sporting activities are among the main reasons. [20][21][22] Several studies have investigated traumatic dental injuries and found correlations of varying degrees between dental injuries resulting from falls and orofacial region anatomy (eg, increased overjet and short frenulum), anthropometric measures (eg, obesity), behavioral structure (eg, hyperactivity, peer bullying, sleeping disorders), and certain drugs (eg, methylphenidate). [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Although it is reasonable to suppose that children with visual impairments and decreased depth sensation are more susceptible to accidents and falls, the relationship between stereopsis and visual impairment and TDI have not previously been investigated.…”

Traumatismo dento-alveolar: uma visão geral sobre aspectos epidemiológicos, etiológicos, abordagem clínico- terapêutica e classificação

“…Os TDA apresentam diversos fatores etiológicos, que podem envolver questões ambientais (parques inseguros) e individuais (aumento da protusão e overjet, déficit de atenção, hiperatividade, limitações físicas). Foi observado que os fatores etiológicos relacionados aos TDA em crianças permanecem os mesmos ao longo dos anos (Kirzioglu e Oz, 2019). Esses fatores etiológicos podem, também, estar muito relacionados à idade do paciente.…”