Changes in the Abundance and Community Complexity of Soil Nematodes in Two Rice Cultivars Under Elevated Ozone

Abstract

The atmospheric ozone concentrations have substantially increased in the surface layer over the past decades, and consequently exhibited a strong influence on soil microbial communities and functions. However, the effect of elevated ozone (eO3) on the abundance, diversity, and structural complexity of soil nematode communities are elusive under different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Here, the soil nematode community was investigated in two rice cultivars (Hybrid, Shanyou 63 vs. Japonica, Wuyujing 3) under open-top chambers (OTC) with control and eO3 conditions. The results showed that the abundance of soil nematode community was altered by eO3, but the responses were dependent on crop cultivars. The eO3 decreased the total abundance and simplified the network complexity of the soil nematode community for both cultivars. However, eO3 increased the abundance of c-p 4 in Shanyou 63, rather than Wuyujing 3, indicating that the hybrid rice cultivar could tradeoff the adverse impacts of eO3 on the functional group of soil nematodes. Similarly, bacterivores belonging to K-strategy (c-p 4) increased under eO3 in Shanyou 63, suggesting that the soil food web formed a bacteria-dominated channel under eO3 for the hybrid rice cultivar. This study shed new light on the critical importance of rice cultivars in shaping the impacts of eO3 on the soil micro-food web. Therefore, breeding and biotechnological approaches may become valuable pathways to improve soil health by shaping the community structures of the soil micro-food web in response to climate change in the future.

Responses of soil nematode abundance and food web to cover crops in a kiwifruit orchard

“…In addition, C2 and C8 increased the interactions between plant parasites (e.g., Malenchus, Helicotylenchus, and Longidorus) and other nematodes, probably related to the host plant and its root biomass and exudation. The network complexity of the feeding links was significantly correlated with the stability and stress tolerance of the soil food web (Beckerman et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2022), and our findings thus highlighted that cover crop diversity profited to the stability and interactions of the soil microfood web.…”

Yield loss in rice by acute ozone pollution could be recovered

“…Ten pots from CF and NF40 were moved from NF40 to CF and from CF to NF40, at tillering and jointing (from 25 July 25 to 25 Aug. 2020), heading and ripening (from 26 Aug. 26 to 18 Sept. 2020) stages, respectively. Details about the experimental site, O 3 fumigation, pot soil, fertilizer and field management could be found in our former studies (Fu et al., 2021; Shang et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022). The mean daytime AOT40 in CF and NF40 OTCs were 0.49 μmol·mol −1 and 28.76 μmol·mol −1 , and the mean daytime AOT40 at tillering and jointing, heading and ripening stages were 9.54 μmol·mol −1 and 9.61 μmol·mol −1 , respectively.…”