Changes in T lymphocyte subsets and intracellular cytokines after transfer of chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to observe the immune mechanism underlying the rejection of chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts for use in clinical applications. A total of 128 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a negative contrast group (NC, 32 mice), a fresh autograft group (AG, 32 mice), a fresh allogeneic nerve group (FN, 32 mice) and a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve group (CEN, 32 mice). Various types of nerve grafts were implanted into the thigh muscle of BALB/C mice in the corresponding groups. At 3, 7, 14 and 28 days post-operation, the mice (8 cases from each group) were sacrificed and their spleens were extracted. The spleens were ground into paste. The erythrocytes and other cells were lysed using distilled water and the T lymphocytes were collected. Monoclonal antibodies (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were then added to the solution. The Facial Action Coding System was used to determine the positive rates of the cells combined with the monoclonal antibodies above. No significant statistical differences were observed between the CEN, NC and AG groups. However, some data of the FN group were significantly higher than those of the other groups at the corresponding time. No obvious immune rejections were observed among the chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts compared with fresh nerve autograft.

Chemically Extracted Acellular Nerve Allograft Seeded with SDNF and Autogenic ADSCs for Peripheral Nerve Repairment in a Beagle Model

“…Experimental evidence has shown that peripheral nerve Schwann cells are the main antigen-presenting cells [5], and previous studies have confirmed the immunogenicity of Schwann cells, which show transplant immune rejection [6,7]. Our previous study has shown that the immunogenicity of allogeneic nerve cells after chemical treatment is equal to that of autologous nerves and significantly lower than that of fresh nerve allografts; findings also confirmed the feasibility and safety of the chemical extraction of peripheral nerve cells [8].…”

“…Our previous research also showed that the use of chemical extraction to treat the cells significantly reduces antigenicity. Immunogenicity of the nerve allograft [8] or the Omniscript RT kit (Qiagen). The transcripts were quantified with real-time PCR using an ABI PRISM 7500 Sequence Detector (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA), with Applied Biosystems predesigned TaqMan Gene Expression Assays (dog S100, Cf02661870_m1; dog GFAP, Cf02655694_m1) and reagents, according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

The Cellular Immune Mechanism after Transfer of Chemically Extracted Acellular Nerve Xenografts

“…It was encouraging when chemical extraction was used to treat allogeneic nerve grafts [22]. Recent researchs showed that the main histocompatibility complex antigens within the aforementioned neural stem and the myelin sheath can be effectively removed, greatly reducing immunogenicity and preventing rejection [23]; the neural tube membrane and the lamellar structure are retained, providing a promising therapeutic approach to promote axonal regeneration [24].…”

Nephro and neurotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors and mechanisms of rejections: A review on tacrolimus and cyclosporin in organ transplantation

“…Adhesion molecules present on leukocytes and target tissue regulate migration of effector cells and their adherence to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) or target cells expressing foreign antigens. Transplant antigens must be efficiently presented to the recipient's immune system to evoke a rejection response (1,21,22).…”