Changes in soil and water quality at sediment–water interface ofPenaeus vannameiculture pond at varying salinities

Abstract

The health of the pond environment in shrimp farming is important for sustainable and profitable aquaculture, in which sediment–water interface is the most important influencing area. With this objective, the key parameters of water and sediment at the interface was studied in shrimp ponds with varying salinities and compared with the surface water and soil to understand the variations and the underlying causes. Total ammonia nitrogen and total alkalinity were higher in water at the interface as compared to surface water, whereas pH, nitrite, oxide forms of nitrogen (NO3), phosphorus (PO4) and oxidizing bacteria were observed to be lower. There was no significant difference with respect to macrominerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium between water at the interface and surface. These changes are profoundly influenced by the uppermost 1.0‐cm thick sediment layer, where the maximum transition of nutrients takes place with the water column. The outcome of the study highlights the effectiveness of water sampling for metabolites at the interface, which reflects at an early stage any potential deterioration of pond environment, which will help the farmer to initiate timely mitigation measures.

Evaluation of carrying capacity for shrimp pond culture with integrated bioremediation techniques

“…Through previous studies, people generally believed that the main sources of pollution in shrimp culture pond environment were excess feeds and not fully used metabolites (Li, Huang, Lin, Cai, & Gan, ; Liu, Cao, Song, & Zhou, ), while ignoring the nutrient exchange between sediment‐water interface affected by culture history and biological deposition. As a huge store of nutrients and organic matter, the untreated sediment at the bottom of shrimp ponds would release a large amount of harmful substances under certain conditions, which would increase the pollution load in the following stage of aquaculture, this is in line with the findings of Saraswathy et al (). With integrated ecological remediation techniques, the concentration of TN in shrimp culture water could be reduced from 335.81 to 8.98 µmol/L, and the remediation rate of TN capacity load produced from residual feed in the water could be reduced by a rate up to 97.32%.…”

Pollution of Sedimentary Ponds at an Industrial Plant in Janikowo (Poland)

“…− ions. Disruption of the synthesis of many basic organic compounds is the cause of yellowing of leaves, tissue dieback and inhibition of cell division, among others, cambium cells and apical meristem [37][38][39][40]. For this reason, despite the fact that waste deposits are abundant in calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium nutrients, their agricultural use for plant fertilizing seems to be excluded due to the high concentration of chlorides.…”

Differences in shrimp pond bottom soil properties and bacterial load between acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)‐infected ponds and AHPND‐free ponds and their relation to AHPND

“…The quality of pond soil is hypothesized to be intricately linked with the incidence of AHPND, either directly or indirectly, given its role as a substrate for waste emanating from aquaculture activities such as leftover feed, aquatic animal waste, algae, and microorganism debris, inclusive of eroded soil (Barik et al, 2018; Hopkins et al, 1994; Saraswathy et al, 2019). These materials constitute a substantial portion of the organic substances present within the pond.…”