Changes in Serum Corticosterone Concentration of Laying Hens as a Response to Increased Population Density

Mashaly, M. M.; Webb, Maria L.; Youtz, Sandra L.; Roush, W. B.; Graves, H.B.

doi:10.3382/ps.0632271

Cited by 95 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The results show that plasma corticosterone levels increased with increased density of the hen population, in which potentially stressful changes occur in the environmental conditions and social structure of the group (Koelkebeck et al, 1986;Gibson et al, 1986;Davami et al, 1987;Littin and Cockrem, 2001;Onbasilar and Aksoy, 2005). A significant effect of population density on corticosterone release was detected in cage systems with an available area of 310 to 520 cm 2 /bird (Edens et al, 1982;Mashaly et al, 1984). The results of the present experiment, however, are not consistent with the above-mentioned findings.…”

Section: Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 56 2008contrasting

confidence: 57%

“…The extent of corticosterone release in laying hens is also associated with the population density on an area unit in cage technologies (Mashaly et al, 1984;Koelkebeck et al, 1986;Gibson et al, 1986;Lagadic et al, 1990;Littin and Cockrem, 2001;Onbasilar and Aksoy, 2005). Higher corticosterone levels were detected in animals kept in cages with a greater number of laying hens per area unit (Edens et al, 1982), as observed, e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 52%

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Impact of housing technology on blood plasma corticosterone levels in laying hens

Pavlík

Ježová

Zapletal

et al. 2008

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that keeping laying hens in an enriched environment supposed to represent a better welfare for the birds is accompanied by decreased corticosterone levels, compared to hens kept under traditional conditions. Plasma corticosterone levels in hens reared in standard and enriched cages and those kept on deep litter from 15 to 75 weeks of age were evaluated. The highest corticosterone levels were observed in hens kept on deep litter, which was associated with a lower intensity of egg production, longest time of movement and a high percentage of time spent dustbathing and scratching. Hens housed in the enriched environment exhibited low levels of aggression, low body weight at the end of the experiment and similar or higher corticosterone levels compared to those of hens kept under standard conditions. Thus, the results of the present study show that housing technologies which are more similar to the animal's natural environment need not be associated with decreased levels of plasma corticosterone. Keeping hens in traditional cage technology was not found to be particularly stressful, which may be an important finding with respect to the current restrictions on outside housing in regions with an increased risk of viral infection.

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Section: Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 56 2008contrasting

confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 52%

Impact of housing technology on blood plasma corticosterone levels in laying hens

Pavlík

Ježová

Zapletal

et al. 2008

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…Mashaly et al (1984) ao testarem três espaços na gaiola (516; 387 e 310 cm 2 /ave) observaram que as poedeiras alojadas na menor área além de apresentarem pior desempenho produtivo, tinham também comportamento mais agressivo e alteração na secreção de corticosteróide sérico.…”

Section: Característicaunclassified

“…A redução do espaço na gaiola diminui a produção e o peso dos ovos, o consumo de ração, piora a eficiência e a conversão alimentar, aumenta a mortalidade e não melhora as margens de lucro da atividade (SANDOVAL; MiLES; JACOBS,1991; CAREY; KUO; ANDERSON,1995;SOHAiL et al, 2001), além de favorecer o desencadeamento de alterações hormonais e comportamentais nas galinhas. Mashaly et al (1984) verificaram alta concentração de corticosteróide no soro sangüíneo de aves alojadas em alta densidade (310 cm 2 /ave), o que relacionaram com a resposta fisiológica ao estresse. Neste sentido, Van Hierden et al (2002) citaram que a condição de alta densidade de alojamento das galinhas leva ao aumento da agressividade e do canibalismo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito da linhagem, espaço na gaiola e nível de triptofano dietético no desempenho de poedeiras comerciais

et al. 2010

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ResumoCom o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da linhagem, do espaço na gaiola e do nível dietético de triptofano sobre o desempenho produtivo de poedeiras comerciais leves foi conduzido um experimento com 720 galinhas de duas linhagens, 360 da linhagem A e 360 da linhagem B, das 31 à 47 a semana de idade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 2x3x4 (linhagens comerciais, A e B, espaço na gaiola, 563, 450 e 375 cm 2 /ave e nível dietético de triptofano, 0,175; 0,195; 0,392 e 0,591%), resultando em 24 tratamentos experimentais, com três repetições cada, totalizando 72 unidades experimentais. O número de poedeiras em cada gaiola variou com a área do piso. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que existem diferenças entre as linhagens comerciais testadas para as características produção de ovos, massa de ovos e mortalidade. A redução do espaço na gaiola de 563 para 375 cm 2 /ave diminuiu o peso médio de ovos e aumentou a mortalidade, independente da linhagem. Os níveis dietéticos de triptofano não foram eficientes no controle dos efeitos negativos da criação de poedeiras em espaços reduzidos. Palavras-chave: Aminoácido, densidade, estresse, mortalidade, produção de ovos AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lineage, battery cage space allowance and tryptophan level in diet on commercial laying hens performance. A total of 720 hens from two different lineages and 31-47 weeks of age were used in a 2x3x4 factorial experimental design (lineages A and B; space allowances of 563, 450 and 375 cm 2 /animal and tryptophan levels of 0,175%; 0,195%; 0,392% e 0,591%), with twenty-four treatments and three replications each. The different space allowances were obtained according with the number of laying hens in the cage. The results showed effects of lineage on egg production, egg weight and animal mortality. When space allowance was reduced from 563 to 375 cm 2 /laying hen, the egg weight decreased and animal mortality increased independent of hens' lineage. In conclusion, the diets containing different levels of tryptophan were not efficient to control negative effects of overcrowding on laying hens performance.

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“…It is possible that corticosterone levels were higher in females maintained at the higher stocking rates than at lower stocking rates, and this might have had a negative influence on ovulation and subsequent oviposition. Corticosterone levels were found to be higher in laying hens housed at higher than at lower densities (Mashaly et al, 1984). Abnormal doses of corticosteroids resulted in premature LH release and irregular laying patterns in laying hens (Gilbert, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of stocking rate and male:female ratio on the production of breeding ostriches (<i>Struthio camelus</i> spp.) under commercial farming conditions

Lambrechts¹,

Swart²,

Cloete³

et al. 2004

SA J. An. Sci.

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The study provides information on the reproductive performance of ostriches maintained at different stocking rates and male:female (M:F) ratios under intensive commercial conditions in the Little Karoo, South Africa. Breeding ostriches are concentrated on relatively small areas and through trampling have a most significant impact on the vegetation in the Little Karoo. Reproductive performance, as influenced by stocking rate and M:F ratio, was investigated. Stocking rates for the large flocks ranged from 114 to 210 birds/ha, and stocking rates for smaller flocks ranged between 9 to 13 birds in 0.13 ha and 0.30 ha camps, respectively. The different M:F ratios investigated, were 1M:1F (pairs), 1M:2F (trios) and 1M:3F (quads), for breeding systems maintained in 0.06 ha camps. In almost all breeding systems total and average egg production, fertility and hatchability were compromised when stocking rate was increased. High stocking rates were detrimental to the reproductive performance and reproductive behaviour of the flocks. Increasing the number of females per male had no negative influence on the reproduction traits, with a significantly higher production observed for breeding quads. Our findings indicated that ostrich breeding flocks can be maintained at stocking rates higher than those presently used on commercial ostrich farms. Breeding pairs, trios and quads can also be maintained on smaller areas, with acceptable production levels. Increasing stocking densities will have a possible inhibitory effect on the establishment of territories and use of space, thereby impacting on the reproductive behaviour of ostrich females and males in large flocks, respectively. This has important implications in terms of the intensification of ostrich farming especially in areas that are characterised by vegetation that is exposed to the trampling effect of ostriches.

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Changes in Serum Corticosterone Concentration of Laying Hens as a Response to Increased Population Density

Cited by 95 publications

References 14 publications

Impact of housing technology on blood plasma corticosterone levels in laying hens

Impact of housing technology on blood plasma corticosterone levels in laying hens

Efeito da linhagem, espaço na gaiola e nível de triptofano dietético no desempenho de poedeiras comerciais

The influence of stocking rate and male:female ratio on the production of breeding ostriches (<i>Struthio camelus</i> spp.) under commercial farming conditions

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