Changes in salivary and plasma cortisol levels in<scp>P</scp>urebred<scp>A</scp>rabian horses during race training session

Kędzierski, Witold; Cywińska, Anna; Strzelec, Katarzyna; Kowalik, S

doi:10.1111/asj.12146

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The average cortisol concentration in this study revealed no major diff erences with the levels obtained for Thoroughbreds in other countries (13.16 and 12.17 μg/dL; Fazio et al, 2008;Kedzierski et al, 2014). However, the horses sampled in previous studies were physically strained, in contrast to the animals in the present study where samples were taken prior to start the daily routine.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…Recently, cortisol has gained interest due to its prognostic value in the critical phases of gastrointestinal disease (Mair et al, 2014), respiratory disease (Shaba et al, 2014), and clinical cases of sepsis in equine (Hart et al, 2009;Armengou et al, 2013), and as an indicator of fi tness and athletic performance in sport horses (Kedzierski et al, 2014). Therefore, this substance is considered the hormone of adaptation to physiological, pathological, and environmental stress factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum cortisol concentration in the Colombian Creole Horse

Zuluaga¹,

Martı́nez

2017

Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu

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Concentración del cortisol sérico en el caballo criollo colombiano Concentração de cortisol sérico no cavalo crioulo colombianoAbstract Background: Cortisol is indicative of adaptation to physiological factors, disease and environmental stress in equines. Cortisol recently gained attention for its prognostic value in critical disease and as an indicator of fi tness and athletic performance. Objective: To determine baseline serum cortisol (SC) morning concentrations in the Colombian creole horse (CCH). Methods: Blood serum was taken from 62 CCH of both genders with and average age of 8.8 years (± 5.3), which were clinically healthy and had diff erent performance levels. Results: The overall SC average determined by sandwich ELISA was 13.3 ± 7.4 mg/dL. No signifi cant diff erences were attributed to gender, age, or performance. Conclusion: This concentration can be used as a reference value for CCH maintained in low physical activity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cortisol concentration in the Colombian Creole Horse

Zuluaga¹,

Martı́nez

2017

Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu

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“…Intense exercise also leads to adenine nucleotide degradation, and therefore the level of plasma UA is a good marker of muscle ATP loss (Castejón et al, 2006). Analysis of LA and UA values shows that exercising was most intensive in group R, less intensive in groups H and J, and the least intensive in horses from group D. The blood LA concentrations in group R was higher than those reported in race horses during training sessions (Kędzierski and Bergero, 2006;Kędzierski et al, 2009 and2014). It is likely that the significant increase in blood LA in group R was the result of the horses being submitted to gallop on the wet and heavy track.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Moreover, it was reported that endurance exercises involved a higher increase in plasma cortisol concentration than short-term bouts of exercise (Desmecht et al, 1996). The highest increase in plasma cortisol level was described in endurance horses; however, race training session also involved a significant rise in the level of this hormone level (Desmecht et al, 1996;Kędzierski et al, 2014). Cortisol is known as the factor that increases the synthesis and release rate of leptin from the adipose tissue (Meier and Gressner, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in plasma leptin concentration during different types of exercises performed by horses

Kędzierski

2014

Animal

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Leptin is a tissue-derivative adipokine that regulates appetite, food intake and energy expenditure. It is still not clear how exercise affects plasma leptin concentration in horses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of exercise intensity and duration on plasma leptin levels in working horses. A total of 38 horses were prospectively included in the study and grouped according to the type of exercise they performed: dressage (six stallions, group D), jumping (12 stallions, group J), race (12 Thoroughbred horses, six stallions and six mares, group R) and harness (10 light draft stallions, group H). Blood samples were taken both before and after routine exercise (immediately after the exercise, 30 min and 24 h after). Blood lactic acid (LA) and plasma concentration of leptin, cortisol, uric acid, triacylglycerols, glycerol and free fatty acids were determined. Immediately after exercise, group R had the highest level of LA, whereas groups D and J had the lowest levels. A significant increase in plasma leptin concentration was stated only in group H in samples taken immediately after the end of the exercise period and 30 min after the exercise period, as compared with the values obtained at rest. A significant increase in plasma cortisol concentration was found immediately after the end of the exercise period in groups R and H. Leptin exercise-to-rest ratio was significantly correlated with cortisol exercise-to-rest ratio (r = 0.64; P < 0.001). The increase in plasma leptin concentration in exercised horses was related to the increased plasma cortisol concentration and took place only during long-lasting exercise, which was not intensive.Keywords: cortisol, leptin, horse, exercise ImplicationsLeptin is an adipokine that regulates energetic metabolism, appetite and food intake in mammals. The effect of exercise on plasma leptin concentration in horses is still not clear. The results of the present study indicate that some kinds of exercise increase the plasma leptin level in horses. Better understanding of the regulation of leptin release during exercise could contribute towards improving the performance and state of health of exercising horses; it is thus clear that detailed knowledge of improving the performance of trained horses will have an economic importance. The data presented in this study have never been published elsewhere.

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“…Exercise performed by race horses during training increases the salivary cortisol concentration (Kędzierski et al 2013(Kędzierski et al , 2014a, however, endurance exercise has a stronger effect (Desmecht et al 1996). Some studies suggest that salivary cortisol level determined after exercise, can indicate the relative intensity of exercise in race horses (Kędzierski et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massage or music meant to be relaxing, result in lowering salivary cortisol concentration in race horses

Kędzierski¹,

Janczarek²,

Stachurska³

et al. 2017

PHK

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Summary: At the beginning of training routine, young race horses are exposed to stressful stimuli. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a relaxing massage which the horses received in the stable, and the influence of music piped into the stable, on the longlasting stress level of the horses. 120 Purebred Arabian horses were studied. They were examined during first racing season, which lasted for six months. At the beginning of the study, the horses were 28 -31 months old. The horses were brought to Słužewiec Horse Race Track (Warsaw, Poland) from their familiar studs and were randomly assigned to music (n = 48), massage (n = 48), or control (n = 24) groups. All horses were regularly trained and competed in official races. Once a month, saliva samples were collected from each horse to determine the cortisol concentration. Both music and massage resulted in significantly lower salivary cortisol concentration compared to control treatment.

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Changes in salivary and plasma cortisol levels inPurebredArabian horses during race training session

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Serum cortisol concentration in the Colombian Creole Horse

Serum cortisol concentration in the Colombian Creole Horse

Changes in plasma leptin concentration during different types of exercises performed by horses

Massage or music meant to be relaxing, result in lowering salivary cortisol concentration in race horses

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