Changes in protein expression in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis dietarily exposed to PVP/PEI coated silver nanoparticles at different seasons

Abstract

Potential toxic effects of Ag NPs ingested through the food web and depending on the season have not been addressed in marine bivalves. This work aimed to assess differences in protein expression in the digestive gland of female mussels after dietary exposure to Ag NPs in autumn and spring. Mussels were fed daily with microalgae previously exposed for 24 hours to 10 µg/L of PVP/PEI coated 5 nm Ag NPs. After 21 days, mussels significantly accumulated Ag in both seasons and Ag NPs were found within digestive gland cells and gills. Two-dimensional electrophoresis distinguished 104 differentially expressed protein spots in autumn and 142 in spring. Among them, chitinase like protein-3, partial and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, that are involved in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the biosynthesis of amino acids KEGG pathways, were overexpressed in autumn but underexpressed in spring. In autumn, pyruvate metabolism, citrate cycle, cysteine and methionine metabolism and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were altered, while in spring, proteins related to the formation of phagosomes and hydrogen peroxide metabolism were differentially expressed. Overall, protein expression signatures depended on season and Ag NPs exposure, suggesting that season significantly influences responses of mussels to NP exposure.

Ecotoxicological effects of silver nanoparticles in marine mussels

“…The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted July 20, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.19.452197 doi: bioRxiv preprint associated to sulphur (George et al, 1986) whilst AgNP -in particular larger ones-are more readily available to the digestive tissues (this work; Gomes et al, 2014;Duroudier et al, 2019;Duroudier et al, 2021). Overall, this body of evidence may explain the existence of a double contribution to apical toxicity of AgNP -i.e.…”

“…Our data on silver uptake dynamics in gills and digestive gland after 96 h exposure indicated the former route is almost exclusive for ionic silver (95%), dominant for 5 nm AgNP (85%) and even for larger 50 nm AgNP (40%) (Figure 7). It should be said that in long-term exposure to ionic silver, in contrast to other heavy metals, silver did not accumulate in the digestive tubules within lysosomes but in the basement membranes and tissue macrophages in some forms associated to sulphur (George et al, 1986) whilst AgNP -in particular larger ones-are more readily available to the digestive tissues (this work; Gomes et al, 2014;Duroudier et al, 2019;Duroudier et al, 2021). Overall, this body of evidence may explain the existence of a double contribution to apical toxicity of AgNP -i.e.…”

“…The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted July 20, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.19.452197 doi: bioRxiv preprint dietary exposure is a much better vehicle for silver bioaccumulation (Duroudier et al, 2019;Duroudier et al, 2021).…”

“…They could, however, highlight protein-associated metal deposits in the digestive gland (but not gills, mantle and gonads) by means of auto-metallography. The same research group claimed that dietary exposure is a much better vehicle for silver bioaccumulation (Duroudier et al, 2019;Duroudier et al, 2021).…”

Cross-Species Comparisons of Nanoparticle Interactions with Innate Immune Systems: A Methodological Review

“…Transcriptome analysis can highlight pathways being activated but it should also be accompanied by the study of functional parameters for a fuller, deeper understanding [228,257,258]. In addition, changes in protein repertoires (proteomics approach) have shown interesting outcomes; however, studying of the combined immune response to NP exposure remains in its infancy [259][260][261].…”