Acute toxicity, biochemical and transcriptomic analysis of Procambarus clarkii exposed to avermectin

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pesticides are extensively applied globally. Pesticide residues induce calamitous effects on the environment and untargeted organisms. Public concerns for the safety of freshwater organisms and the challenges posed by aquatic contaminants remain high. In the present study, the acute toxicity of avermectins (AVMs) to the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii was evaluated. We also evaluated the potential effects of AVM on the biochemical and transcriptomic status of the hepatopancreas and gastrointestinal tract in P. clarkii. RESULTS:The 24, 48, 72, 96 h median lethal concentrations (LC 50 ) of AVM on crayfish were 2.626, 1.162, 0.723, 0.566 mg L −1 , respectively. The crayfish were then exposed to 0.65 mg L −1 of AVM for 96 h. AVM significantly altered biochemical parameters including AChE and CAT activities in the hepatopancreas, and AChE, SOD and Na + -K + -ATPase activities in the gastrointestinal tract at several time points. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis identified 953 and 1851 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in the hepatopancreas and gastrointestinal tract, respectively. KEGG enrichment showed that the gene expression profiles of the hepatopancreas and gastrointestinal tract were distinct from each other. The DEGs in the hepatopancreas were mostly enriched with stress-response pathways, while the majority of the DEGs in the gastrointestinal tract belonged to metabolism-related pathways.CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the AVM induced acute toxicity, oxidative stress, osmoregulation disturbance, neurotoxicity and transcriptome imbalance in crayfish. These findings unraveled the detrimental effects of AVMs exposure on crayfish.

Ecological Toxicity of Cyantraniliprole against Procambarus clarkii: Histopathology, Oxidative Stress, and Intestinal Microbiota

“…38 Other aquatic organisms such as D. magna also produced similar oxidative stress responses after cyantraniliprole exposure. 5 Similar changes in SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and MDA levels have also been reported in P. clarkii exposed to pesticides (such as avermectin, 39 BPA, 40 and terbuthylazine-desethyl 41 ), heavy metals (Cu), nanoplastics (polystyrene nanoplastics), and other contaminants (such as nitrite and sulfide). 42,43 Some crayfish species, such as Cherax destructor and Cherax quadricarinatus, exposed to sublethal concentrations of commonly used paddy field pesticides also produced similar oxidative stress responses.…”

“…Similar changes in SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and MDA levels have also been reported in P. clarkii exposed to pesticides (such as avermectin, BPA, and terbuthylazine-desethyl), heavy metals (Cu), nanoplastics (polystyrene nanoplastics), and other contaminants (such as nitrite and sulfide). , Some crayfish species, such as Cherax destructor and Cherax quadricarinatus, exposed to sublethal concentrations of commonly used paddy field pesticides also produced similar oxidative stress responses. , Therefore, exposure to cyantraniliprole caused oxidative stress in P. clarkii and increased ROS production, and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activity increased to resist toxicity; however, long-term, high-concentration exposure produced excessive ROS, induced severe membrane lipid peroxidation, increased MDA content, and inhibited SOD and CAT activity.…”