Changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets associated with marathon running

Haq, Afrozul; Al-Hussein, Khalid; Lee, Jennifer; Al‐Sedairy, Sultan T.

doi:10.1249/00005768-199302000-00004

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…However, in a study by McCarthy and Dale (1988) it was concluded that less than 10% of the leucocytosis could be attributed to dehydration, on the basis of little or no change in haematocrit levels. This view is confirmed by others (Maron et al, 1975;Haq et al, 1993;Castell and Newsholme, 1998).…”

Section: Dehydration and Circulating Cellssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In studies on lymphocyte subsets, a decreased ratio of T-helper to Tcytotoxic (CD4 : CD8) cells in athletes after acute exhaustive exercise observed by Berk et al, in 1986, has also been confirmed by Lewicki et al (1988) and Haq et al (1993). It has been suggested that a ratio of CD4 : CD8 cells below 1.5 is subnormal, and may be a cause of and an indicator of, immunosuppression (Nash, 1986;Keast et al, 1988;Shepherd et al, 1991).…”

Section: The Immune Response To Exhaustive Exercisementioning

confidence: 88%

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The relation between glutamine and the immunodepression observed in exercise

Castell

Newsholme

2001

Amino Acids

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Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body. It is an important fuel for some key cells of the immune system. Both the plasma concentration of glutamine and the functional ability of immune cells in the blood are decreased after prolonged, exhaustive exercise. Glutamine feeding has had beneficial effects in clinical situations, and the provision of glutamine after intensive exercise has decreased the incidence of infections, particularly of upper respiratory tract infections. However, the precise effect of glutamine on immunodepression in this situation is not yet established.

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Section: Dehydration and Circulating Cellssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: The Immune Response To Exhaustive Exercisementioning

confidence: 88%

The relation between glutamine and the immunodepression observed in exercise

Castell

Newsholme

2001

Amino Acids

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“…Additionally, down regulated secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ can be explained by three nonexclusive mechanisms. First, it can be related to the lymphopenia seen in our and other studies (Suzuki et al, 1995), and especially by the reported decrease in the number of the major producers of these cytokines (T-and NK-cells) after a prolonged running race (Haq et al, 1993, Nieman et al, 1995, Castell et al, 1997. Second, elevation in the number of target cells (granulocytes, monocytes) may play a significant role in the observed decrease of cytokine secretion.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Immune and Neuroendocrine Alterations in Long-Distance Running Race

2016

Egypt. J. Occup. Med.

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Introduction: Long-distance running race is a stressful event that can significantly affect virtually any of the physiologic systems of runners. More recently evidence has been mounting to support the long-distance running perception that athletes are susceptible to certain illness during intense training and major competition. Aim of Work: To focus on the immune function and neuroendocrine parameters response to prolonged (90 min) and intensive endurance running. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 12 male children runners (13.51 ± 1.29 years) 0h, 1hour, after the race. Complete blood count, secretion of cytokines in mitogen-activated cell culture and plasma, plasma concentration of β-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and growth hormone (GH) were analyzed. Results: Significant increase in granulocyte and monocytes (MID-cell) count and lymphopenia were seen immediately after the race. Secretion of interleukin2 (IL-2) and interferon (IFN-γ) significantly declined at 0h and 1h after the running. Secretion of Tumor Necosis Factor (TNF-α) declined at 0h & remained suppressed until 1hours. Suppression in the secretion of (IL-1β) was observed at 1hour. Activated secretion of (IL-6) decreased after 1hours. Peak concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, β-endorphin, and GH were registered after the race (0 &1h). Conclusion: We co-ncluded that long-distance running race associated stress factors can alter physiologic balan-ce of cell-mediated versus humoral and antiinflammatory versus proinflammatory cytokin-es. Results suggest that hypothalamicpituitary-adrenocortical axis hormones played a sign-ificant role in the regulation of the observed changes. This information may be beneficial for development of new stress countermeasures to preserve wellness in subjects undergoing intensive physiological stress.

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“…Many components of the immune system exhibit change after heavy exertion, including the following [53,77]: -Neutrophilia (high blood neutrophil counts) and lymphopenia (low blood lymphocyte counts), induced by high plasma catecholamines, growth hormone, and cortisol [5,13,22,29,33,53,71,97,103]. -Increase in blood granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and activation markers (reflecting an inflammatory response due to substances released from injured muscle cells), but a decrease in nasal neutrophil phagocytosis [3,9,18,42,74,83].…”

Section: Immunosuppression Following Prolonged Intensive Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Immunology: Future Directions for Research Relatedto Athletes, Nutrition, and the Elderly

Nieman

2000

Int J Sports Med

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This article examines three questions related to exercise immunology: 1) Can exercise attenuate changes in the immune system related to aging? The few research papers available suggest that the answer may be "yes", but exercise training may have to be long-term and of sufficient volume to induce changes in body weight and fitness before any change in immunity can be expected in old age. 2) Is the athlete an immunocompromised host? For most athletes, probably not, although the answer may be 'yes' during certain periods when the athlete exceeds normal training limits or competes in endurance events. Most studies have reported that the immune systems of athletes and nonathletes in the resting state are more similar than disparate with the exception of natural killer cell activity which tends to be elevated in athletes. Infection risk may be more related to the acute changes in immunity that occur following heavy exercise, but this hypothesis has not been sufficiently studied. 3) Are nutrition supplements effective countermeasures to exercise-induced inflammation and immunosuppression? Except for carbohydrate, the answer at this time for all other nutrients studied is 'no'. While data from the vitamin and mineral studies have been negative, and those involving glutamine conflicting, several investigations indicate that carbohydrate compared to placebo ingestion is associated with attenuated hormonal and immune responses.

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Changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets associated with marathon running

Cited by 31 publications

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The relation between glutamine and the immunodepression observed in exercise

The relation between glutamine and the immunodepression observed in exercise

Immune and Neuroendocrine Alterations in Long-Distance Running Race

Exercise Immunology: Future Directions for Research Relatedto Athletes, Nutrition, and the Elderly

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