Changes in pattern electroretinogram after application of 0.01% atropine eye drops

Kothari, Mihir; Bhat, Deepak; Khadse, Nitu; Jain, Rishika; Rathod, Vivek; Aru, Pallavi

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_989_18

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Besides optical anti-myopia strategies, pharmacological management of myopia progression with atropine eye drops has also been one of the most effective strategies to control myopia progression in children [181,[189][190][191][192][193]. The majority of previous ERG studies that investigated different concentrations of atropine eye drops (0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) on retinal signals reported no significant effect of atropine on retinal function as demonstrated by ffERG [194][195][196], mfERG [194,197], or PERG [198] in young myopic children (\ 14 years of age). However, there are a few studies that report contradictory results.…”

Section: Electroretinogram Responses To Anti-myopia Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, Khanal et al [ 199 ] reported that 0.1% atropine eye drops resulted in a 14% reduction of dark-adapted 3.0 OP amplitudes and 4% delay in the a-wave implicit time of dark-adapted 10.0 ERG (stronger ffERG), indicating that atropine could alter neural activity in inner retina and activity of photoreceptors, respectively [ 199 ]. Secondly, Kothari et al [ 194 ] reported a reduction in the P50 amplitude of PERG with 0.01% atropine eye drops, indicating that the induced optical blur due to cycloplegia and mydriasis may alter signal transmission in inner retina (amacrine cells) [ 194 ]. Lastly, it was reported that gmfERG responses increased with 0.1% atropine eye drops in the presence of optically induced myopic defocus, suggesting that the atropine may enhance the effects of myopic defocus in the inner layers of the peripheral retina in controlling the eye growth for potential anti-myopia effects [ 200 ].…”

Section: Electroretinogram Responses To Anti-myopia Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroretinogram responses in myopia: a review

2021

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The stretching of a myopic eye is associated with several structural and functional changes in the retina and posterior segment of the eye. Recent research highlights the role of retinal signaling in ocular growth. Evidence from studies conducted on animal models and humans suggests that visual mechanisms regulating refractive development are primarily localized at the retina and that the visual signals from the retinal periphery are also critical for visually guided eye growth. Therefore, it is important to study the structural and functional changes in the retina in relation to refractive errors. This review will specifically focus on electroretinogram (ERG) changes in myopia and their implications in understanding the nature of retinal functioning in myopic eyes. Based on the available literature, we will discuss the fundamentals of retinal neurophysiology in the regulation of vision-dependent ocular growth, findings from various studies that investigated global and localized retinal functions in myopia using various types of ERGs.

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Section: Electroretinogram Responses To Anti-myopia Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electroretinogram Responses To Anti-myopia Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroretinogram responses in myopia: a review

2021

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“… 24 In animal testing, dopaminergics are more effective at preventing myopia. 25 Whereas even low-dose atropine 0.01% has shown potential toxicity on electroretinography (ERG), 26 , 27 dopaminergics have not exhibited any toxicity. 25 On the basis of these data, dopaminergic compounds appear to inhibit axial elongation and therefore may be candidates for the treatment of myopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Penetrance and Safety of the Dopaminergic Prodrug Etilevodopa

Gao

Ludwig

Smith

et al. 2021

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose Animal models have demonstrated the role of dopamine in regulating axial elongation, the critical feature of myopia. Because frequent delivery of dopaminergic agents via peribulbar, intravitreal, or intraperitoneal injections is not clinically viable, we sought to evaluate ocular penetration and safety of the topically applied dopaminergic prodrug etilevodopa. Methods The ocular penetration of dopamine and dopaminergic prodrugs (levodopa and etilevodopa) were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in enucleated porcine eyes after a single topical administration. The pharmacokinetic profile of the etilevodopa was then assessed in rats. A four-week once-daily application of etilevodopa as a topical eye drop was conducted to establish its safety profile. Results At 24 hours, the studied prodrugs showed increased dopaminergic derivatives in the vitreous of porcine eyes. Dopamine 0.5% ( P = 0.0123) and etilevodopa 10% ( p = 0.370) achieved significant vitreous concentrations. Etilevodopa 10% was able to enter the posterior segment of the eye after topical administration in rats with an intravitreal half-life of eight hours after single topical administration. Monthly application of topical etilevodopa showed no alterations in retinal ocular coherence tomography, electroretinography, caspase staining, or TUNEL staining. Conclusions At similar concentrations, no difference in ocular penetration of levodopa and etilevodopa was observed. However, etilevodopa was highly soluble and able to be applied at higher topical concentrations. Dopamine exhibited both high solubility and enhanced penetration into the vitreous as compared to other dopaminergic prodrugs. Translational Relevance These findings indicate the potential of topical etilevodopa and dopamine for further study as a therapeutic treatment for myopia.

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Comments on: Changes in pattern electroretinogram after application of 0.01% atropine eye drops

Jethani

Memon

2020

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Changes in pattern electroretinogram after application of 0.01% atropine eye drops

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Electroretinogram responses in myopia: a review

Electroretinogram responses in myopia: a review

Ocular Penetrance and Safety of the Dopaminergic Prodrug Etilevodopa

Comments on: Changes in pattern electroretinogram after application of 0.01% atropine eye drops

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